Was ist für ein Mavui erforderlich [damit es durch Shituf (Partnerschaft) darin getragen werden darf] —Beth Shammai sagt: Lechi und Korah. [Beide sind erforderlich, Beth Hillel ist der Ansicht, dass nach dem Tora-Gesetz vier vollständige Trennwände erforderlich sind, und Halachah leMosheh miSinai ("ein Gesetz für Moses auf dem Sinai") erlaubt Lechi und Korah als viertes.] Und Beth Hillel sagt: Entweder Lechi oder Korah , [Tora-Gesetz, das drei vollständige Partitionen und nicht mehr erfordert, und die Halachah leMosheh miSinai, die die vierte durch ein Lechi jeder Größe oder durch eine Korah als Zeichen der Partition hinzufügt. "Mavui" ist hier ein Mavui, das an drei Seiten geschlossen und am vierten für die Öffentlichkeit zugänglich ist, wobei seine Länge größer als seine Breite ist. Denn wenn Länge und Breite gleich wären, wäre es wie ein durchbrochener Chatzer (Innenhof), der sich in den öffentlichen Bereich öffnet und ein Brett (Pas) erfordert, das etwas länger als vier Ellen ist, oder zwei Bretter jeder Größe. Ebenso wird ein öffentlich zugänglicher Chatzer als Mavui angesehen und ist mit einem Lechi oder einer Korah erlaubt. Und ein Mavui, das durch ein Lechi erlaubt ist, unterscheidet sich von einem, das durch ein Korah erlaubt ist. Denn ein durch ein Lechi zugelassenes Mavui hat vier Trennwände, und einer, der etwas aus dem öffentlichen Bereich hineinwirft, haftet, während ein durch ein Korah zugelassenes Mavui, obwohl es durch Shituf getragen werden darf, kein absolutes ist Private Domain, und jemand, der etwas aus dem Public Domain hineinwirft, haftet nicht. Es wird entschieden, dass eine Korah als Zeichen (das Mavui von der Public Domain unterscheidet) und ein Lechi als Trennwand dient.] R. Eliezer sagt: Zwei Lechis. [Er hält mit Beth Shammai und benötigt ein Lechi auf beiden Seiten. Die Halacha stimmt nicht mit R. Eliezer überein.] Im Namen von R. Yishmael wurde gesagt, dass ein bestimmter Schüler [R. Meir] sagte in Gegenwart von R. Akiva: Beth Shammai und Beth Hillel unterscheiden sich nicht in Bezug auf ein Mavui [dessen Breite] weniger als vier Ellen beträgt, [beide sind sich einig], dass entweder ein Lechi oder ein Korah [ausreicht] . Wo unterscheiden sie sich? Wo es vier bis zehn Ellen sind, benötigt Beth Shammai Lechi und Korah und Beth Hillel entweder Lechi oder Korah. R. Akiva sagte: Sie unterscheiden sich in Bezug auf beide. [Und die erste Tanna besagt auch, dass nicht zwischen breit und schmal unterschieden wird. Der Talmud erklärt, dass sie (die erste Tanna und R. Akiva) sich in Bezug auf ein Mavui mit einer Breite von weniger als vier Tefachim unterscheiden, wobei eine besagt, dass weder Lechi noch Korah erforderlich sind und die andere, dass entweder Lechi oder Korah erforderlich sind. Und aus ihren Aussagen geht nicht hervor, wer es verlangt und wer nicht.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
הכשר מבוי – its preparation and designation of the alley to carry within it through a combination of alleys.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
Introduction
In this mishnah Bet Shammai and Bet Hillel debate how one validates an alley such that it is permitted to carry within it.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
ב"ש אומרים לחי וקורה – both of them (i.e., a stake and a beam) are necessary and that they hold from the Torah that we require four complete partitions and it was brought as a traditional interpretation of a written law [dating back to Moses as delivered from Sinai) and the particular application is a square-block of a stake and a crossbeam.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
There are two levels of debates in this mishnah. There is a debate between Bet Shammai, Bet Hillel and R. Eliezer about how one validates an alley. The second debate is between Rabbi Ishmael, as presented by one of his students, and Rabbi Akiva over what was the actual dispute between Bet Hillel and Bet Shammai.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
ובה"א או לחי או קור – for from the Torah three [complete] partitions are required and further nothing else and it was brought as a traditional interpretation of a written law [dating back to Moses as delivered from Sinai] either a stake of some small size or a beam to be recognized as a partition. And the alley that we are speaking of here is a closed alley from three directions and the fourth direction is open to the public domain and its length is greater than its width, for it its length was like its width, it would be like a courtyard whose opening was breached to the public domain and one would need a board/bar of four handbreadths and a bit more (see Talmud Eruvin 5a) or two boards/bars of a bit of size and similarly, a courtyard which was breached into the public domain and its length was greater than its width, it is judged to be an alley which is permitted with a stake or a board. But an alley that was made valid with a stake is different than an alley made valid with a beam, for an alley which was made valid with a stake, it is as if it has four partitions and a person who throws [something] from the public domain into it is liable, but an alley made valid with a beam, even though it is permissible to carry within it through a combination, it is not like a completely private domain and a person who throws [something] from the public domain into it is exempt, for we hold that a beam is because of recognition and a stake because of a partition.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
The validation of an alley: Bet Shammai says: a side-post and a crossbeam. And Bet Hillel says: either a side-post or a crossbeam. R. Eliezer says: two side-posts. In this version, Bet Shammai says that the alley must have the side-post and a crossbeam in order to carry in it, whereas Bet Hillel says that either is sufficient. Rabbi Eliezer says that the crossbeam is irrelevant and that what are needed are two side-posts.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
רבי אליעזר אומר לחיים – he holds like the School of Shammai that requires a stake from one side and the other, but the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Eliezer.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
In the name of Rabbi Ishmael one student stated in front of Rabbi Akiva: Bet Shammai and Bet Hillel did not disagree concerning an alley that was less than four cubits [in width], that it [may be validated] by either a side-post or a crossbeam. About what did they disagree? In the case of one that was wider than four, and narrower than ten cubits: Bet Shammai says: both a side-post and a crossbeam [are required] and Bet Hillel says: either a side-post or a crossbeam. Rabbi Akiva said they disagree about both cases. In this statement, a student of Rabbi Ishmael’s comes in front of Rabbi Akiva to present a more limited version of the debate. According to this version, both houses agree that if the alley is less than four cubits wide, either a side-post or crossbeam is sufficient. Probably the reason that Bet Shammai agrees in this case is that if the entrance is narrower it is clearer that this is not a public domain. The debate is only when the entrance is between four and ten cubits wide. Rabbi Akiva rejects this version and rules that in both cases, Bet Hillel and Bet Shammai disagree. The first section of the mishnah is therefore representative of Rabbi Akiva’s position. As an aside, we can learn a fair amount of rabbinic history from this mishnah. Rabbi Akiva and Rabbi Ishmael were the heads of competing academies, some time in the early part of the second century CE. Both academies produced midrashic compilations that while similar to each, have notable differences. This mishnah is one indicator that Rabbi Akiva’s academy became more dominant, perhaps especially so after Rabbi Ishmael’s demise. Rabbi Ishmael’s students come in front of Rabbi Akiva to see if their traditions are acceptable in his eyes. This is a sign of their turning to his authority, probably after their own master’s death. Rabbi Akiva rejects the Ishmaelian tradition and the anonymous piece which opens the mishnah is taught according to Rabbi Akiva. Indeed, the Mishnah is a work produced by the Akivan academy, a work in which Akiva’s students, most notably Rabbis Judah, Meir, Shimon and Yose dominate.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
אמר תלמיד אחד – He is Rabbi Meir.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
שהוא פחות מארבע אמות – the width of its opening.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
אמר רבי עקיבא על זה ועל זה נחלקו – The first Tanna/teacher also this is how it should be read: It does distinguish between wide and narrow and the Talmud explains that there is a difference between them: An alley that has less than four handbreadths in the width of its opening – one of them holds that it requires neither a stake nor a beam and the other one holds a stake or a beam but it is not made clear from their words which of them holds that it is required and which of them holds that it is not required.
