Kommentar zu Bikkurim 1:8
הִפְרִישׁ בִּכּוּרָיו, נִבְזְזוּ, נָמַקּוּ, נִגְנְבוּ, אָבְדוּ, אוֹ שֶׁנִּטְמְאוּ, מֵבִיא אֲחֵרִים תַּחְתֵּיהֶם וְאֵינוֹ קוֹרֵא. וְהַשְּׁנִיִּים אֵינָם חַיָּבִים עֲלֵיהֶם חֹמֶשׁ. נִטְמְאוּ בָעֲזָרָה, נוֹפֵץ וְאֵינוֹ קוֹרֵא:
Einer, der seine Bikkurim bezeichnete [und dann] sie wurden geplündert oder verfault oder wurden gestohlen oder verloren oder wurden rituell unrein, dann bringt man andere an ihre Stelle und rezitiert nicht. Die zweiten sind im Chomesh nicht verpflichtet [die Strafe für ein zusätzliches Fünftel erhöht die Rückzahlung eines Menschen, der versehentlich geheiligtes Essen gegessen hat]. Wenn sie im Tempelhof rituell unrein wurden, werden sie zerstört und man rezitiert nicht.
Bartenura on Mishnah Bikkurim
נמקו – to be rotted and decayed, such as (Leviticus 26:39): “they shall be heartsick [over the iniquities of their fathers].”
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bikkurim
Introduction
This mishnah deals with a person whose bikkurim are either lost or ruined.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bikkurim
נבזזו – they were stolen from him, such as (Deuteronomy 2:35): “We retained as booty [the cattle and the spoil of the cities that we captured].”
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bikkurim
If one set aside his bikkurim and they were robbed, or rotted, were stolen or lost, or became unclean, he must bring others in their place, but does not recite [the declaration]. Once a person sets aside his bikkurim he is responsible for them and if they are lost or ruined by either rotting or becoming impure, he must bring new bikkurim in their place. We shall learn the reason for this in tomorrow’s mishnah. However, when he brings the second set of bikkurim he cannot make the recitation because these are not actually “the first of his fruits.”
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bikkurim
אין חייבין עליהם חומש – A foreigner (i.e. non-Kohen) who ate of them does not pay the additional fifth. But this Mishnah is that of an individual opinion and is not the Halakha, but the Halakha is that they are obligated to pay the additional fifth.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bikkurim
These others are not subject to the law of the [added] fifth. The rules governing bikkurim are like the rules governing terumah. If a non-priest eats them he must bring an added fifth. We will return to this subject in 2:1. Our mishnah teaches that this is so only with regard to the original first fruits. If a non-priest eats the replacement fruits, he is not liable to replace what he ate, but not to bring an added fifth. In essence, what the mishnah is saying is that the replacement fruits are not really bikkurim.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bikkurim
If they become unclean while in the Temple court, he must scatter them and he does not recite. Once he brings the fruit to the Temple court he is no longer responsible to replace them if they are lost or stolen. If they are become impure he cannot present them to the priest so what he should do is shake out the basket.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bikkurim
נטמאו בעזרה נופץ ואינו קורא – which is our reading, that is to say, to empty and pour out the fruit from the basket since they have become defiled. But the basket is given to the Kohen, as it is written (Deuteronomy 26:4): “The priest shall take the basket from your hand [and set it down in front of the altar of the LORD your God].” There are times when the Kohen takes nothing other than the basket. But he is not obligated to bring other First Fruits in their place, for since they came to the Temple Mount , they are not obligated any further surety.
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