Wenn Sie nach dem Schabbat (dh am Sonntag) gefallen sind, sagt Beth Shammai: Alles ist vor dem Schabbat eingetaucht. [Denn man muss sich für das Fest reinigen, und alles, was ein Eintauchen erfordert, sowohl Menschen als auch Gefäße, wird vor dem Schabbat eingetaucht]. Und Beth Hillel sagt: Gefäße (sind eingetaucht) vor dem Schabbat und Menschen (tauchen ein) am Schabbat. [Gefäße werden vor dem Schabbat eingetaucht, denn da sie nach dem Eintauchen für etwas geeignet sind, für das sie vor dem Eintauchen nicht geeignet waren, wäre dies "etwas zu ändern" und verboten, wenn sie in den Schabbat oder in den Tod eingetaucht wären. "Shabbath" wird hier angegeben (und nicht "yom tov"), um uns über die "Macht" von Beth Hillel zu informieren, dass sie es einem erlaubten, sogar in den Shabbath einzutauchen; denn es wird der Eindruck erweckt, dass er dies zum Baden und Abkühlen tut und nicht (notwendigerweise) zum Zwecke der rituellen Reinigung.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Beitzah
מטבילין את הכל – for a person is obligated to ritually purify himself on the Festival. And everything that requires ritual immersion, whether a person or utensils, we ritually immerse prior to the Sabbath.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Beitzah
Introduction
In mishnaic times it was customary for people who observed the laws of purity to immerse vessels and for people to immerse before Yom Tov so that everything would be pure. In our mishnah Bet Shammai and Bet Hillel debate whether or not one can immerse on Shabbat in preparation for a Yom Tov which falls on Sunday.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Beitzah
כלים מלפני השבת – for since they are worthy after ritual immersion for things that they were not worthy for prior to the immersion, if one immerses them on Shabbat or on Yom Tov/the Festival day, it would be like repairing a matter an that is forbidden. And Shabbat was used here to inform you of the power of the School of Hillel, that even on the Sabbath, they permitted the ritual immersion of a person, because it appears like holding him dear and become cols cold and bathes for pleasure and not for the sake of ritual immersion.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Beitzah
If [Yom Tov] fell on the day after Shabbat: Bet Shammai says: one must immerse everything [unclean] before Shabbat. According to Bet Shammai both vessels and people must be immersed before Shabbat. They hold that it is forbidden to immerse on Shabbat.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Beitzah
But Bet Hillel says: vessels [must be immersed] before Shabbat but people [may immerse] on Shabbat. Bet Hillel holds that it is permitted to immerse on Shabbat but that one should nevertheless immerse the vessels before Shabbat. The reason not to immerse the vessels on Shabbat is that by immersing the vessels he makes them usable. This is like “completing a vessel” which is forbidden on Shabbat. However, when a person immerses him/herself it might just look like she/he is washing, and hence it is permitted.
