Талмуд к Эруви ́н 7:10

בַּכֹּל מְעָרְבִין וּמִשְׁתַּתְּפִין, חוּץ מִן הַמַּיִם וּמִן הַמֶּלַח, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, כִּכָּר הוּא עֵרוּב. אֲפִלּוּ מַאֲפֵה סְאָה וְהִיא פְרוּסָה, אֵין מְעָרְבִין בָּהּ. כִּכָּר בְּאִסָּר וְהוּא שָׁלֵם, מְעָרְבִין בּוֹ:

Эрув и партнерство (на мавуи) заключаются со всеми (продуктами), кроме воды и соли. [(«Эрув» :) Мы говорим здесь о эрувине тчумина (субботние границы); ибо эрувин из чатзерота (дворы) сделаны только с хлебом.] Это слова Р. Элиэзера. Р. Иегошуа говорит: Буханка - это эрув. [Р. Элизер во «все (продукты)» включает эрувей чатзерот, разрешающий кусок хлеба и не требующий целого хлеба; и Р. Иегошуа расходится с ним, говоря, что эрув - только целый хлеб. Галаха соответствует Р. Иегошуа.] (Р. Иегошуа говорит :) Запрещается делать эрув с печеным куском (хлеба), даже если в нем содержится саа (из муки) [Причина: враждебность вероятность того, что это вызовет спор среди мужчин во дворе, а именно: «Я дал целый хлеб, а он дал только кусок!»]; разрешается делать эрув с целым хлебом (даже), если он (только) размером с иссара. [Он помещен как эрув вместе с другими хлебами людей двора, при условии, что среди них будет размер сушеного инжира для каждого. Рамбам объясняет, что целый хлеб размером с иссара (определенная монета) может использоваться как эрув для всех мужчин во дворе, независимо от количества.]

Jerusalem Talmud Bava Batra

⁵⁸A parallel but materially different treatment of the same subject is in ‘Erubin 7:11, 24d lines 12–16. Rebbi Joḥanan in the name of Rebbi Eleazar ben Rebbi Simeon. If anybody does not want to participate in an ‘eruv⁵⁹A major bone of contention between Sadducees and Pharisees in Second Temple times was the interpretation of Ex. 19:26: “Nobody shall leave his place on the Sabbath day.” It is agreed that this implies that one may carry things at will at “one’s place”, i. e., in one’s house, and that one may not carry in the public domain. As a matter of principle, it is agreed that a condominium space, such as a courtyard, does not qualify as “one’s place.” In pharisaic interpretation, this is only a rabbinic interpretation; it is not biblical. As a consequence, there is a rabbinic possibility to turn the courtyard into a common space by collecting contributions to symbolically prepare food for a common meal of all dwellers around the courtyard and depositing it in one of the houses. This is called “ ‘eruv (mixing) of courtyards”. The whole idea of ‘eruv is rejected by Sadducees who consider reliance on it as a breach of the biblical Sabbath prohibition. It is similarly possible to turn a dead-end alley into a common courtyard of all dwellers there by affixing either a vertical lath or an horizontal beam at the entrance to the alley and then treating the alley and all courtyards which open into it as one large courtyard where then carrying is permitted. But if even one dweller in a courtyard or a dead end alley rejects the entire idea of ‘eruv, no ‘eruv can be made. The presence of Gentiles is irrelevant for purposes of making an ‘eruv. one enters his house and makes the ‘eruv against his will. But was it not stated: if he does not want to make an ‘eruv, if he does not refuse one enters his house and makes the ‘eruv against his will? Because he does not refuse. But not if he does refuse⁶⁰One Sadducee living in a courtyard makes the ‘eruv impossible for the entire dead end alley. No Sadducees are known from after the time of the war of Bar Kokhba except Samaritans.. But was it not stated⁶¹Tosephta Bava meṣi‘a 11:18; Babli ‘Eruvin 80a.: “The dwellers at a dead end alley may force one another to make a lath or a beam for the dead end alley.⁶²How can one force a rabbinic institution on Sadducees or Samaritans?” Rebbi Yose ben Rebbi Abun said, not that he refused⁶³He is neither Sadducee nor Samaritan. but out of ill-will he does not want to participate in an ‘eruv⁶⁴This is a particular case of the principle that “one forces people not to behave like the people of Sodom” (Babli 12b), viz., to refuse anything which does not hurt himself but will benefit others..

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