Комментарий к Зебахим 6:5
עוֹלַת הָעוֹף כֵּיצַד הָיְתָה נַעֲשֵׂית. עָלָה בַכֶּבֶשׁ וּפָנָה לַסּוֹבֵב, בָּא לוֹ לְקֶרֶן דְּרוֹמִית מִזְרָחִית, הָיָה מוֹלֵק אֶת רֹאשָׁהּ מִמּוּל עָרְפָּהּ וּמַבְדִּיל, וּמְמַצֶּה אֶת דָּמָהּ עַל קִיר הַמִּזְבֵּחַ. נָטַל אֶת הָרֹאשׁ, וְהִקִּיף בֵּית מְלִיקָתוֹ לַמִּזְבֵּחַ, וּסְפָגוֹ בְמֶלַח, וּזְרָקוֹ עַל גַּבֵּי הָאִשִּׁים, בָּא לוֹ לַגּוּף וְהֵסִיר אֶת הַמֻּרְאָה וְאֶת הַנּוֹצָה וְאֶת בְּנֵי מֵעַיִם הַיּוֹצְאִים עִמָּהּ, וְהִשְׁלִיכָן לְבֵית הַדָּשֶׁן. שִׁסַּע וְלֹא הִבְדִּיל. וְאִם הִבְדִּיל, כָּשֵׁר. וּסְפָגוֹ בְמֶלַח, וּזְרָקוֹ עַל גַּבֵּי הָאִשִּׁים:
Как был исполнен олах птицы? Он [священник] поднялся по трапу и повернул к окружающему выступу и подошел к юго-восточному углу. Он пронзил его голову по затылку, отделил [голову от тела] и вылил кровь на алтарную стену. Он взял голову и прижал место, где он был удален к алтарю, пропитал его солью и бросил в огонь. Он взял тело и убрал урожай, и перья, и внутренности, которые появлялись, и бросил их на место пепла. Он расколол [тело], но не отделил [половинки]; если он разделил их, это [все еще] действует. Он насыщал его солью и бросал в огонь [алтаря].
Bartenura on Mishnah Zevachim
עלה בכבש – since the burnt-offering of the fowl is done above, for it is not written [in Scripture] regarding the burnt-offering of the fowl/bird is in the base of the altar, but rather, only the sin-offering of the fowl/bird. But with the cattle it is the opposite, for the sin-offering of cattle is performed above [the red line] as it is written regarding it (Leviticus 4:18): “[Some of the blood he shall put] on the horns of the altar [which is before the LORD in the Tent of Meeting],” and the burnt offering of the cattle is below [the red line], as it is written (Leviticus 4:18): “ [and all the rest of the blood he shall pour out] at the base of the altar of burnt offering, [which is at the entrance of the Tent of Meeting],” [Scripture] assigned the base [of the altar] to the burnt-offering.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Zevachim
How was the olah of a bird sacrificed?
He [the priest] ascended the ramp, and turned to the surrounding walkway, and made his way to the southeast horn.
There he pinched its head at the back of the neck, and severed it, and drained out its blood on the wall of the altar.
He took the head, turned the part where it was nipped to the altar, saturated it with salt, and threw it on to the fires [of the altar].
Then he came to the body, and removed the crop, the feathers, and the entrails that came out of it, and threw them on to the burning place. He tore [the body], but did not sever it in half, but if he did sever it, it is still valid. Then he saturated it [the body] with salt, and threw it on to the fires of the altar.
This mishnah provides instructions as to how the bird olah was sacrificed. Some of this mishnah does not need explanation, so I have commented only upon the sections that I felt require it.
Section three: After having slaughtered the bird by pinching its head off at the back of the neck, the priest severs the head off of the body (see Leviticus 1:15-17).
Section four: The first thing he takes care of is the head. He drains its blood by turning the point at which it was pinched toward the altar. Then he salts it very well until it is saturated (see Leviticus 2:13). After it has been salted, he can throw the head onto the altar so it can be burned.
Section five: Now he must take care of the body. He removes the parts that are not to be offered on the altar (Leviticus 1:16), the crop, the feathers and the entrails and then he throws them on the “Bet Hamoked”, the burning place where parts of animals that are not burned on the altar are burned. This was on the southern side of the altar.
He then tears the body at its wings, but he tries not to sever it in half (Leviticus 1:17). Finally, he salts the body and burns it on the altar.
He [the priest] ascended the ramp, and turned to the surrounding walkway, and made his way to the southeast horn.
There he pinched its head at the back of the neck, and severed it, and drained out its blood on the wall of the altar.
He took the head, turned the part where it was nipped to the altar, saturated it with salt, and threw it on to the fires [of the altar].
Then he came to the body, and removed the crop, the feathers, and the entrails that came out of it, and threw them on to the burning place. He tore [the body], but did not sever it in half, but if he did sever it, it is still valid. Then he saturated it [the body] with salt, and threw it on to the fires of the altar.
This mishnah provides instructions as to how the bird olah was sacrificed. Some of this mishnah does not need explanation, so I have commented only upon the sections that I felt require it.
Section three: After having slaughtered the bird by pinching its head off at the back of the neck, the priest severs the head off of the body (see Leviticus 1:15-17).
Section four: The first thing he takes care of is the head. He drains its blood by turning the point at which it was pinched toward the altar. Then he salts it very well until it is saturated (see Leviticus 2:13). After it has been salted, he can throw the head onto the altar so it can be burned.
Section five: Now he must take care of the body. He removes the parts that are not to be offered on the altar (Leviticus 1:16), the crop, the feathers and the entrails and then he throws them on the “Bet Hamoked”, the burning place where parts of animals that are not burned on the altar are burned. This was on the southern side of the altar.
He then tears the body at its wings, but he tries not to sever it in half (Leviticus 1:17). Finally, he salts the body and burns it on the altar.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Zevachim
בא לו לקרן דרומית מזרחית – because it is close to the place of the ashes where they cast the crop of the birds and the down-covered skin [with the entrails that go along with it].
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Bartenura on Mishnah Zevachim
ממול ערפה – opposite one who sees its neck. And it is the back of the neck. But even though it doesn’t say regarding a burnt-offering, “opposite the neck,” we learned from it, opposite the neck from the sin-offering.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Zevachim
ומבדיל – he severs two organs, from what is written in the sin-offering of the fowl/bird (Leviticus 1:17): “[The priest shall tear it open by its wings,] without severing it, [and turn it into smoke on the altar,” we learned that with the burnt-offering of a fowl/bird, he severs it.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Zevachim
והקיף בית מליקתו למזבח – he offers it up and presses the place in the bird’s neck to the wall of the altar in order that the blood will drain out.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Zevachim
ספגו במלח – the language of drawn water and taking, like absorbing/receiving the forty [i.e., thirty-nine] lashes. Even here, he places upon it salt in order that the head will stretch and receive the salt. Another explanation: the word "ספגו" with a letter ג' is like סופק with a letter ק' (i.e., to supply an opportunity, to be sufficient) , the language of (Numbers 24:10): “[Engraged at Balaam,] Balak struck his hands together.”
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Bartenura on Mishnah Zevachim
מוראה – the bird’s crop.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Zevachim
נוצה – he cuts through it like a sort of aperture and takes all the skin and the feathers/down (i.e., plumage) that is opposite the bird’s crop with the crop and casts it off.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Zevachim
שסע – [tears open] the bird between the wings but he does not sever it.
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