Комментарий к Техарот 1:3
נִבְלַת הָעוֹף הַטָּמֵא צְרִיכָה מַחֲשָׁבָה וְהֶכְשֵׁר, וּמְטַמְּאָה טֻמְאַת אֳכָלִין בְּכַבֵּיצָה, וְכַחֲצִי פְרָס לִפְסֹל אֶת הַגְּוִיָּה, וְאֵין בָּהּ כַּזַּיִת בְּבֵית הַבְּלִיעָה, וְהָאוֹכְלָהּ אֵין טָעוּן הֶעֱרֵב שֶׁמֶשׁ, וְאֵין חַיָּבִין עָלֶיהָ עַל בִּיאַת מִקְדָּשׁ. אֲבָל שׂוֹרְפִין עָלֶיהָ אֶת הַתְּרוּמָה, וְהָאוֹכֵל אֵבָר מִן הַחַי מִמֶּנָּה אֵינוֹ סוֹפֵג אֶת הָאַרְבָּעִים, וְאֵין שְׁחִיטָתָהּ מְטַהֲרְ תָּהּ. הַכְּנָפַיִם וְהַנּוֹצָה, מִטַּמְּאוֹת וּמְטַמְּאוֹת וּמִצְטָרְפוֹת. הַחַרְטוֹם וְהַצִּפָּרְנַיִם, מִטַּמְּאִין וּמְטַמְּאִים וּמִצְטָרְפִין:
Туша нечистой птицы требует размышлений [сначала нужно подумать, чтобы использовать ее для еды) и быть загрунтованной [для нечистоты, намокнув]; и это делает пищу нечистой, когда она имеет [по крайней мере, объем], эквивалентный яйцу, и [по крайней мере, объем], эквивалентный половине буханки, лишает организм возможности [есть терумах , делая его нечистым]; и у него нет [закона превращения одной нечистоты], когда его проглатывают, когда он имеет [по крайней мере объем], эквивалентный маслине; и тот, кто ест это, не требует [ожидания до] заката [в день своего погружения, прежде чем он снова станет чистым]; и из-за этого человек не может войти в храм (будучи нечистым); но терума сжигается за его счет [то есть тот, кто делает его нечистым, делает нечистым терума ]; и тот, кто ест конечность, взятую из нее, пока жив, не переносит сорок [ресниц]; и убийство не очищает его. Крылья и перья могут стать нечистыми, могут стать нечистыми и сложены вместе. Клюв и когти могут стать нечистыми, могут стать нечистыми и сложены вместе.
Bartenura on Mishnah Tahorot
English Explanation of Mishnah Tahorot
It conveys food uncleanness if its minimum bulk is that of an egg;
The consumption of a half of half a loaf's bulk of it renders one's person unfit to eat terumah;
There is no rule that an olive's worth defiles in the gullet;
He who eats of it need not wait for sunset;
No guilt is incurred on account of it for entering the sanctuary;
But on account of it terumah must be burnt.
He who eats a limb of it while it is alive is not subject to the penalty of forty stripes;
Slaughtering it does not render it fit.
The large feathers and the down contract uncleanness and convey uncleanness and combine with the flesh to constitute the prescribed minimum.
The beak and the claws contract uncleanness and convey uncleanness and combine [with the flesh to make up the prescribed minimum].
The mishnah now proceeds to talk about the purity rules governing the carrion of an unclean bird, one that is not "kosher." As we will see, some of these rules are the same as those we saw with regard to the carrion of a clean bird, but some are different.
Section one: The carrion of an unclean bird (a bird that one is not allowed to eat) is not unclean in a ritual purity sense, in and of itself. In order for it to become unclean, first one would have to have the intention to eat it and then it would have to be rendered susceptible to impurity through contact with a liquid. If these two things happen, and then it comes into contact with a source of impurity, it is impure. This differs from the carrion of a clean (edible) bird, which is a source of defilement in and of itself.
Section two: If it becomes impure, it now conveys impurity if there is the minimum size of an egg.
Section three: If a person eats an amount of carrion of unclean bird that is equivalent to the size of two eggs (half of the size of half of a loaf of bread) he cannot eat terumah until he immerses in a mikveh. This is the usual amount to cause a person to become impure through eating something impure.
Section four: Unlike the carrion of a clean bird, there is no special rule concerning one who swallows the amount of an olive. Such a person remains pure.
Section five: One who eats an amount the size of half of a half of a loaf of bread is impure, but he is pure immediately after he goes to the mikveh. He need not wait for the sun to set.
Section six: The defilement caused by eating this amount is only rabbinic. Therefore, if someone enters the sanctuary after having done so, he is not liable for transgressing a biblical commandment.
Section seven: Nevertheless, if this person touches terumah, the terumah must be burned. This is because terumah can be burned even if the level of the impurity is only rabbinic.
Section eight: The biblical prohibition of eating the limb of a living animal refers only to clean animals (and birds). Therefore, one who eats the limb of a living unclean bird is not liable for transgressing the biblical commandment. [Please understand this doesn't mean that one can do so, just that one who has done so is not liable for transgressing that particular negative commandment. He has transgressed another.]
Section nine: Obviously, slaughtering it does not render the unclean bird fit for consumption. This type of bird is unclean and forbidden for eating in all cases. The truth is that this clause is overly obvious. It is only here because it contrasts with the case of the clean bird.
Sections ten and eleven: When it comes to the unclean bird, since it is never permitted to be eaten, the edible and inedible parts combine to convey uncleanness.