Комментарий к Таанит 2:1
סֵדֶר תַּעֲנִיּוֹת כֵּיצַד, מוֹצִיאִין אֶת הַתֵּבָה לִרְחוֹבָהּ שֶׁל עִיר, וְנוֹתְנִין אֵפֶר מִקְלֶה עַל גַּבֵּי הַתֵּבָה, וּבְרֹאשׁ הַנָּשִׂיא וּבְרֹאשׁ אַב בֵּית דִּין, וְכָל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד נוֹתֵן בְּרֹאשׁוֹ. הַזָּקֵן שֶׁבָּהֶן אוֹמֵר לִפְנֵיהֶן דִּבְרֵי כִבּוּשִׁין, אַחֵינוּ, לֹא נֶאֱמַר בְּאַנְשֵׁי נִינְוֵה, וַיַּרְא הָאֱלֹהִים אֶת שַׂקָּם וְאֶת תַּעֲנִיתָם, אֶלָּא (יונה ג) וַיַּרְא הָאֱלֹהִים אֶת מַעֲשֵׂיהֶם, כִּי שָׁבוּ מִדַּרְכָּם הָרָעָה. וּבַקַּבָּלָה הוּא אוֹמֵר (יואל ב) וְקִרְעוּ לְבַבְכֶם וְאַל בִּגְדֵיכֶם:
Каков порядок [молитвенного служения] постных дней? Выносим ковчег на площадь города и кладем пепел сгоревших [веществ] на головы наси
Bartenura on Mishnah Taanit
The order of the fasts, how is it: It is the last seven fasts that we are dealing with.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Taanit
Introduction
In the previous chapter we learned about the series of fast days declared in order to petition God for rain. In this chapter we learn the rituals that were observed on those days.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Taanit
את התיבה – the ark which the Torah scroll is placed in, that is to say, we had a modest utensil which was despised by our sins And why is it brought to the city street? To say, we cried out in private in the synagogue and we were not answered; we will despise ourselves in public in the city street.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Taanit
What is the order [of service] for fast days?
They take the ark out to the open space of the city. They bring the ark with the Torah or Torahs outside to the open space where they will have a very public ceremony. This is part of their attempt to achieve as broad of a spectrum of involvement as possible.
They take the ark out to the open space of the city. They bring the ark with the Torah or Torahs outside to the open space where they will have a very public ceremony. This is part of their attempt to achieve as broad of a spectrum of involvement as possible.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Taanit
אפר מקלה – ashes from the burning, and because dust is called ashes, the Mishnah teaches, אפר מקלה – ashes from the roast (i.e. vegetable ashes) and because dust is called ashes, for here, it is necessary that they are ashes specifically in order that the Holy One, blessed be He remember the Binding of Israc and be merciful [upon us].
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English Explanation of Mishnah Taanit
And they put ashes on the ark and on the head of the Nasi and on the head of the head of the court (av bet. The leaders of the community ceremonially put ashes on the heads of the two main leaders of the community and on the ark as well. It seems that by putting ashes on the ark, it is as if they were putting ashes on God’s head as well. Perhaps they might even be trying to show that God is sharing in Israel’s distress. Theologically, this creates somewhat of a paradox we are praying to God for rain, rain that God is withholding, and yet at the same time we believe and we demonstrate that God is sharing in our distress. The image is one of a parent, punishing a child and yet at the same time feeling the child’s pain.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Taanit
על גבי התיבה – because as it is written (Isaiah 63:9): “In all their troubles He was troubled, [and the angel of His Presence delivered them…].”
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English Explanation of Mishnah Taanit
And everyone [else] puts ashes on his own head. Everyone else puts ashes on their own heads. The ritual application of the ashes is performed only for the two leaders and for the ark.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Taanit
ובראש הנשיא וכו' – But they themselves do not take, in order that they be even more embarrassed, since one who is embarrassed on his own is not the same as one who is embarrassed by others.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Taanit
The elder among them says in front of them words of admonition, “Brothers, it does not say of the people of Nineveh, ‘And God saw their sackcloth and their fasting,’ but, ‘And God saw their deeds, for they turned from their evil way. (Jonah 3:10)’ And in the prophets it says, ‘And rend your heart and not your garments” (Joel 2:13). The elder among the people now reminds them that the external motions are meant to invoke inner teshuvah, repentance. When God sees that Nineveh has repented, He says that He has seen their deeds and not that He has seen their external signs. Similarly, Joel tells the people that they should rend their hearts, meaning tear their hearts so that they repent, and not merely their external garments. Note that the mishnah emphasizes this message at the very point at which they are describing the intricate ritual of the Taanit. It is as if they wish to warn us of the danger of slipping into “ritualism” a fixation on the external at the expense of the more important internal.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Taanit
דברי כבושים – words that conquer the heart of a person to return him to the good.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Taanit
ובקבלה – the words of the prophets.
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