В чуме разрешено ждать темноты, чтобы позаботиться о нуждах невесты и о потребностях умершего, чтобы принести ему гроб и саваны. Если язычник приносил флейты в субботу, еврею запрещается использовать их в трауре, [наказание, поскольку очевидно, что они были принесены для еврея], если только они не пришли из соседних мест [то есть, если мы не знаем наверняка, что они пришли из места внутри чума, а не снаружи]. Если они (язычники) сделали для него шкатулку [для того, чтобы язычник был похоронен или продан] или вырыли для него могилу, в ней может быть похоронен еврей; и если он сделал это для еврея, он никогда не будет похоронен в нем.
Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
לפקח על עסי כלה – to look out for and research the needs of he bride.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
Introduction
This mishnah discusses exceptions to the rule in the previous mishnah, that one should not go out on Shabbat to the Shabbat border in order to go beyond the border after Shabbat to perform an activity prohibited on Shabbat.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
חלילין – a hollowed musical instrument whose sound gives rise to crying.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
One may go to the Shabbat border before nightfall in order to attend to the affairs of a bride or of a corpse to bring him a coffin and shrouds. Arranging a marriage and arranging proper burial are two of the highest values in Judaism, competing perhaps only with the study of Torah. One may therefore say to a fellow Jew on Shabbat, “take care of this need for a bride or a dead person after Shabbat”, even though the performance of these activities is prohibited on Shabbat itself. Hence, if one needs to leave town after Shabbat to take care of the arrangements for a marriage or funeral/burial, one may do so. [Remember Abba Shaul’s rule: anything one can say, one can also go to the Shabbat border to do immediately after Shabbat.] This includes bringing a coffin or shrouds in which to bury the dead.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
לא יספוד בהן ישראל – it is fine because he matter is proved that they were brought for Jews.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
If a non-Jew brings reed-pipes on Shabbat, one must not bewail an Israelite with them, unless they came from a near place. In mishnaic times it was customary for pipes to be used at a funeral to bewail the dead. If a non-Jew brought them to a Jew for the Jew to use them on Saturday evening, the Jew may not use them because this is benefiting from the work a non-Jew did for a Jew on Shabbat. However, if the pipes came from a near place, within the Shabbat border, the Jew may use them immediately after Shabbat because even if the non-Jew had not brought them, the Jew would have been able to bring them for a funeral right after Shabbat. A Jew is prohibited from benefiting only if the non-Jew does something that the Jew was not allowed to do.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
אלא א"כ באו ממקום קרוב – other than if it is known to us clearly that they came from a place within the Sabbath limit, and that they were not brought from outside the Sabbath limit.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
If he made a coffin for himself or dug a grave for himself, an israelite may be buried in it. But if [he made it] for the sake of an Israelite, [the Israelite] may never be buried in it. If a non-Jew made a coffin or dug a grave for non-Jewish use on Shabbat, and then decided to sell the coffin or grave to a Jew, a Jew may use it. This is because the intent was not to do work for a Jew on Shabbat. However, if the non-Jew made the coffin or grave on Shabbat for a specific Jew, that Jew may never be buried in that coffin or grave. This is because the grave or coffin was made in violation of the Shabbat with that Jew in mind. On the other hand, the grave and coffin may be used for another Jew as long as they wait between the end of Shabbat and the burial the time it would take to build a coffin and dig a grave. This waiting period is to avoid deriving benefit from work that a non-Jew did on Shabbat.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
ארון – for himself that he will bury in it an idolater or to sell it.
