На четырнадцатом разрешено устанавливать курятники [для вылупления птенцов, ab initio]. И если курица сбежала, она возвращается на свое место, [То есть, если она убежала на голую ночь. Ибо если она убежала на четырнадцатом—если четырнадцатое разрешено устанавливать кооперативы ab initio, то, очевидно, ей разрешено возвращать ее. Мы, должно быть, говорим о курице, которая убежала от голода. И это должен быть случай, когда она сидела на яйцах за три дня до того, как сбежала, чтобы яйца больше не годились для еды и были «вещью, которая потерялась», если ее не вернуть. Следовательно, если она умирает, на ее место ставится другой [чтобы яйца не потерялись]. (Навоз) выбрасывают из-под ног зверей четырнадцатого. А в Чол Хамоеде, [который имеет большую святость], он [не отброшен, а] сдвинут в сторону. Статьи можно привезти в дом ремесленника и обратно, даже если он не нужен для фестиваля.
Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
מושיבין שובכין – (Possible misinterpretation by Bartenura here – as the Mishnah is clearly speaking of chicken-coops). Dove cotes on which they would sit to raise the young birds, we place them there ab initio on the fourteenth [of Nisan].
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English Explanation of Mishnah Pesachim
Introduction
This mishnah continues to deal with work that is permitted on the fourteenth of Nisan.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
ותרנגולת שברחה – on the Intermediate Days of the Festival [of Passover] whereas on the fourteenth, now that they have restore the coops, you might say that they are permissible ab initio, it is needed to return them, but rather, he said that the chickens who fled on the Intermediate Days of the Festival, we return them. For this is the case where she (i.e., the hen) has sat on the eggs for three days prior to fleeing , for the eggs are not appropriate for eating and it is a business which cannot be postponed without irretrievable loss (see Moed Katan 11a). Therefore, if it died, we sit another in its place because of the [potential] loss of the eggs.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Pesachim
They may set up chicken-houses for fowls on the fourteenth; and if a fowl ran away, one may return her to her place; and if she died, one may set another in her place. According to Rashi this clause means that it is permitted to put eggs under hens so that the eggs will stay warm and eventually hatch. Others explain that this clause refers to fixing nests for newly-born domesticated fowl. In any case, from the context of the rest of the mishnah, it is clear that there is some immediate need being referred to. Albeck explains that the mishnah repeats “on the fourteenth” in order to emphasize that it is permitted to do this all day, and not just until midday, because this is not actually work. If a chicken ran away from sitting on her eggs, one may return her to her spot because the eggs need to be kept warm. This too is not actually work but is rather merely laborious. Similarly, if a chicken who was sitting on her eggs died, a new one may be put in her place.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
גורפין – throw/cast outside.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Pesachim
They may sweep away [the manure] from under an animal’s feet on the fourteenth, but on the festival one may only move it to the side. It is allowed on the fourteenth (all day) to clean up the manure that has accumulated under an animal and to bring the manure out to the garbage pile. However, on the intermediate days of the festival, when work is more prohibited, it is only permissible to move it to the sides. To completely remove it is forbidden. Note that the mishnah compares here the laws concerning the fourteenth with those concerning the intermediate days of the festival. This comparison is emphasized because they are both “grayish” areas of halakhah some things are permitted and some are not, and sometimes the same work may under certain circumstances be permitted and under other circumstances be forbidden.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
ובמועד – which is more stringent, we don’t cast them outside, but rather remove them to the sides.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Pesachim
They may take vessels to and bring them back from a craftsman’s house, even if they are not required for the festival. One can bring things to a craftsman’s house to be fixed or worked on and one can pick up things from his house that have already been completed. This is permissible even if these things are not necessary for the holiday. In contrast, on the intermediate days of the festival it is forbidden to bring things to a craftsman house even if they are needed for the festival and it is forbidden to pick things up unless they are necessary for the holiday. We can see that the laws concerning the fourteenth are more lenient.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
ומביאין כלים מבית האומן – on the fourteenth [of Nisan] and even though it is not for the needs of the Festival.
