Если кто-то ест терума хамец на Песах невольно [Если он невольно относился к теруме, даже если он был свидетелем хамца], он платит основную сумму и пятую часть, [хотя это запрещено получать удовольствие от Хамец на Песах, а это ничего не стоит. Ибо в отношении того, кто ест терумах невольно, написано (Левит 22:14): «И он даст Cohein святую вещь»— то, что может стать святым —не деньги, а фрукты. И то, что выплачивается, становится терумах, так что платится не денежная ценность.] (Если он ест это) с умом, [Если он был свидетелем в отношении терумы, даже если он не подозревал в отношении хамец ] он освобождается от уплаты и стоимости леса. [Если бы это было нечистым terumah, он не платит стоимость древесины, которая может быть использована в качестве топлива для приготовления пищи. Ибо, если он был свидетелем по отношению к Теруме, он, как и любой другой грабитель, платил деньги относительно стоимости, а не относительно суммы. Но хамец на Песахе ничего не стоит, потому что от него нельзя извлечь выгоду, и он также запрещен в качестве топлива, так что он не причинил убытков (Кохейну).]
Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
בשוגג – he erred inadvertently regarding Terumah/priest’s due even as he erred wittingly regarding leavened products.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Pesachim
Introduction
This mishnah deals with a non-priest who eats on Pesah terumah which is also chametz. The case is either one in which before Pesah he separated terumah from his chametz or that he separated terumah from his matzah on Pesah and it became chametz.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
משלם קרן וחומש – and even though it is forbidden to derive benefit from leavened products on Passover, and is not worth anything, because that when one eats priest’s due inadvertently, it is written (Leviticus 22:14): “[but if a man eats of a sacred donation unwittingly,] he shall pay the priest for the sacred donation, [adding one-fifth of its value],” something that is worthy of being holy, and he does not pay him money, but rather produce, and the payment becomes priest’s due, therefore, we do not follow after the money.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Pesachim
One who unwittingly eats terumah chametz on Pesah must repay [to a priest] the principal plus a fifth. If he eats this terumah chametz unwittingly, he is liable for what one is normally liable to pay when a non-priest eats terumah. He must repay the value of the terumah and an added fifth to a priest (see Leviticus 22:14). Even though it was forbidden for him to derive benefit from the chametz on Pesah and therefore it is as if the chametz is not worth anything, still he makes restitution based on the size of the terumah that he ate and not its monetary value. The chametz may not have any value but it has size.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
במזיד – that he wittingly [ate] priest’s due, even if he erred inadvertently regarding leavened products, he is exempt from payment.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Pesachim
Intentionally, he is exempt from payment and from [liability for] its value as fuel. Normally speaking, when not Pesah, one who intentionally eats terumah is liable to repay the value of the terumah which he ate. He is treated like a robber, who pays the value of that which he robbed. Since the chametz terumah is worthless on Pesah a Jew cannot derive any benefit from it he is not liable for anything. The mishnah goes on to say he is not even liable for the value of the terumah chametz had it been used as fuel, since on Pesah not only is eating the chametz prohibited, but deriving any benefit from it is as well.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
ומדמי עצים – if the priest’s due was ritually impure, he does not pay the cost of wood that would have been appropriate to burn underneath his dish, for [when one eats] priest’s due wittingly, he is not other than a mere thief, and he pays money according to the value and not according to the measurement, but Hametz/leavened products on Passover are not monetary for they are prohibited to derive benefit [from it], and even to burn it is not appropriate and he has not lost anything.
