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מלבנות – a square garden-bed, and because they were made like the white frames, they are called garden-beds/plots.

Introduction This mishnah deals with small plots of grain that are planted in between olive trees and with the question of whether he has to give peah from each plot as if it were a separate field or whether he can give one peah from all the plots together.

שבין הזיתים – and the same law applies for all other kinds of trees, and he (i.e., the anonymous Tanna/teacher of the Mishnah) took [the word] “olives,” to teach us, that even olives are liable in Peah/the corner of the field [to be left for the poor], are not from the legal decisions of the School of Hillel, and all the more so, the rest of the trees which are not liable for Peah/the corner of the field, for it is obvious that they did not make this legal decision.

Plots of grain between olive trees: Bet Shammai say: peah from each and every plot. But Bet Hillel says: one peah for them all. According to Bet Shammai since the rows of olive trees break up the plots of grain, he must give peah separately for each and every plot. According to Bet Hillel we still look at the grain as if it was all one field and he can give one peah for all of the plots together.

ב"ש אומרים פאה מכל אחד ואחד – from each small garden-bed/plot and garden-bed/plot, since the small garden-beds/plots stand each piece detached and they do combine with one another, as the School of Shammai holds that the olives are detached. But where the beginnings of the rows are combined with each other, they admit that they are not separate. And at the time when the trees are distant from each other until in the ground, there is a field requiring one Se’ah of seed (a square measure), fifty cubits by fifty cubits and there aren’t ten trees in it, the School of Hillel admits that we give Peah for each and every garden-bed, since the trees are far apart, things appear that it is not for the trees that these small garden-beds were made. And when the trees are joined closely and there are ten trees in less than a field requiring one Se’ah of seed, the School of Shammai admits that we give one Peah for everything, they only disputed when there are ten trees in a field requiring one Se’ah of seed.

And they agree that if the ends of the rows enter one into the other, he gives one peah for them all. Bet Shammai agrees with Bet Hillel that if the plots run into each other, in other words instead of rectangular plots surrounded by olive trees, there are rows where the end of one plot runs into the beginning of the other, then he can give peah for all of the plots together.