Тот, кто приносит глиняную посуду для чата [чтобы наполнить ее водой, освященной пеплом красной тёлки], он погружается в себя [сначала для очищения] и спит в печи [для того, чтобы убедиться, что нет нечистого человека трогает его, как только он завершен]. Раввин Иегуда говорит: Он может даже принести его из дома [гончара], и это действительно, поскольку [свидетельство] всех верило в отношении чата [из-за строгости вопроса]. А что касается трумы [ частица, отделенная от зерен и плодов, выращенных в Израиле и отданная священнику, и которая должна содержаться в чистоте], следует открыть печь и взять ее [для обеспечения того, чтобы сосуд оставался чистым]. Раввин Шимон говорит: из второго ряда [а не из первого ряда, поскольку кто-то нечистый, возможно, уже открыл печь и прикоснулся к ней]. Раввин Йосе говорит: из третьего ряда.
Bartenura on Mishnah Parah
המביא כלי חרס לחטאת – that he goes near the potter to buy from him an earthenware vessel to place in it the ashes of the sin-offering or the water of the sin-offering/lustration.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Parah
Introduction
Our mishnah talks about measures taken to ensure the purity of the vessel into which the ashes and water were mixed.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Parah
טובל ולן על הכבשן – he begins to guard them in purity so that someone who doesn’t observe certain religious customs regarding tithes and Levitical cleanness (i.e., עם הארץ) wouldn’t touch them prior to their smelting them in a kiln/furnace, which is the conclusion of their labor to be susceptible to receive defilement.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Parah
He who brings the earthen vessel for the hatat must immerse, and spend the night by the furnace. Rabbi Judah says: he may also bring it from the house and it is valid, for all are deemed trustworthy in regard to the hatat. The person who is going to bring the earthenware vessel to be used for the hatat (the red cow) must first immerse himself in a mikveh. When doing so, he must have the specific intent that he will be occupied with the hatat (see Hagigah 2:6). He must sleep next to the furnace in which the vessel is being made to make sure that it is not touched by someone impure. Rabbi Judah rules much more leniently for he believes that people can be trusted to preserve the purity of anything to do with the hatat. People recognize the sanctity of the red cow and would not claim that a vessel was pure if it was not. Therefore, he can even bring it directly from the house in which it was made, without sleeping next to the furnace (might not be so comfortable in the summer).
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Parah
ר' יהודה אומר אף מן הבית הוא מביא וכשר – we believe an person who doesn’t observe certain religious customs regarding tithes and Levitical cleanness if he says that he guarded it on the purity of a sin-offering, as we stated in the Chapter “A More Stringent Rule Applies to Holy Things”/"חומר בקודש" (Tractate Hagigah 22a), that people who don’t observe certain religious customs regarding tithes and Levitical uncleanness (עמי הארץ) are believed on the ritual purity of wine for libations and oil for meal-offerings, so that each and every person would not build a platform for himself and burn the Red Cow/Heifer for himself. And the Halakha is according to Rabbi Yehuda.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Parah
In the case of terumah one may open the furnace and take out [the vessel]. Rabbi Shimon says: from the second row. Rabbi Yose says: from the third row. When it comes to a vessel made for holding terumah, one need not sleep next to the furnace. However, he should go to the furnace, open it up and take it out himself. He should be able to tell by looking at the vessel whether it had yet been touched. He should not trust the potter's purity. Rabbi Shimon and Rabbi Yose rule more strictly saying that he should take from either the second row of vessels in the furnace or the third row, for it is more likely that these rows have not been touched and therefore have not been defiled.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Parah
ובתרומה – if he brings an earthenware vessel to place heave-offering in it.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Parah
פותח את הכבשן וטוטל – even though the its smelting was completed but not their guarding, that since [the oven] was not yet opened and is filled with dust on top of it, we are not concerned that perhaps a person who doesn’t observe certain religious customs regarding tithes and Levitical uncleanness touched it, for they were not stringent regarding heave-offering.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Parah
Rabbi Shimon states: “From the second row”/מן הסדר השני. If a person who doesn’t observe certain religious customs regarding tithes and Levitical uncleanness/עם הארץ open the kiln and took vessels from it, he doesn’t take from the first row, for the hand of all handles them, but from the second row which is underneath the first row, he is permitted. But Rabbi Yossi is stringent and forbade even from the second row. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Shimon nor according to Rabbi Yossi, but even though he found the kiln/furnace open, everything is in the presumption of ritual purity, and he can take even from the first row.
