[Если] у него было два черных или белых волоска от одной поры, это недействительно. Раввин Иегуда говорит: даже из одной чашки [удары плоти, из которой растут несколько волосков]. Если они [два волоска] из двух чашек, и они доказывают друг друга [показывая, что они выросли в тандеме], это недействительно. Рабби Акива говорит: «Даже четыре или даже пять разбросанных [волосков] должны быть выщипаны [и корова действительна]». Раввин Элиэзер говорит: Даже пятьдесят. Раввин Иегошуа бен Бетейра говорит: Даже один на голове и один на хвосте лишить законной силы. [Если] у него было два волоса, чьи корни черные, а кончики красные, [или] чьи корни красные, а кончики черные, все следует после появления [то есть кончиков], это слова раввина Меира; и мудрецы говорят: после корня.
Bartenura on Mishnah Parah
היו בה שתי שערות שחורות פסולה – as it is written (Numbers 19:2): “[This is the ritual that the LORD has commanded: Instruct the Israelite people to bring you] a red cow,” if there are blemish, it is already stated [in that Biblical verse]: “in which thee is no defect,” but rather that it will be pure in its redness.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Parah
Introduction
Today's mishnah deals with how many non-red hairs, and the placement of such hairs, will disqualify a red cow from being used as a hatat.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Parah
רבי יהודה אומר בתוך כוס אחד – we have this reading. But we don’t have the reading: "ואפילו"/and even, and in place that the first Tanna would teach "גומא"/follicle, Rabbi Yehuda would teach a "כוס" /follicle (i.e., cavity). [The words]"גומא" and "כוס" are one [and the same], and it is obligatory for a person to state them in the language of his Rabbi/teacher (see Tractate Eduyot, Chapter 1, Mishnah 3 for an enunciation of this rule), that the Rabbi/teacher of Rabbi Yehuda would call a "גומא" a "כוס" , this is proven in the Tosefta (see Tractate Parah, Chapter 2, Halakha 7).
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English Explanation of Mishnah Parah
If it had two black or white hairs growing within one follicle, it is invalid. Rabbi Judah said: within one kos; if they grew within two kosot that were adjacent to one another, it is invalid. According to the first opinion, if two black or white hairs grow within one follicle they disqualify the cow from use as a hatat. Rabbi Judah says "within one kos." According to Albeck, kos is another word for follicle, in which case, Rabbi Judah does not disagree with the first opinion, he just uses different language (the word used for follicle was "guma.") In addition, Rabbi Judah says that if two white or black hairs grow in two adjacent follicles (kosot) and the hairs are directed to one another, then they disqualify the cow.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Parah
מוכיחות – corresponding and adjacent, this one (i.e., hair follicle) on the side of that one (i.e., hair follicle).
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English Explanation of Mishnah Parah
Rabbi Akiva says: even if there were four or five but they were dispersed, they may be plucked out. Rabbi Eliezer says: even as many as fifty. Rabbi Akiva is more lenient. As long as the hairs are not adjacent, they don't disqualify the cow. However, he must remove the white or black hairs before the cow can be used. Rabbi Eliezer has a similar opinion, except it is not clear if he requires the hairs to be removed. If he does require removal, then he has virtually the same opinion as Rabbi Akiva, he just words it slightly differently.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Parah
ר' אליעזר אומר אפילו חמשים – meaning to say, even more and they are scattered, one should uproot them (and the heifer would be fit/appropriate). But the Halakha is according to the first Tanna/teacher.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Parah
Rabbi Joshua ben Batera says: even if it had but one on its head and one on its tail, it is invalid. Rabbi Joshua ben Batera rules strictly even two white or black hairs on opposite sides of the body will disqualify the cow.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Parah
אחר הנראה – that is after the heads of the hairs.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Parah
If it had two hairs with their roots black and their tips red or with their roots red and their tips black, everything goes according to what is visible, the words of Rabbi Meir. But the sages say: by the root. According to Rabbi Meir, we judge the color according to the tip the more visible part. But the sages say we judge by the root if the roots are white or black, the cow is not considered red. [This sort of reminds me of someone who has colored their hair and has let it grow out a bit.]
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Bartenura on Mishnah Parah
אחר העיקר – but if their roots grow red and their heads grow black, and there are in the roots that grows red in order that it can be removed with scissors , he should cut their heads that grow black and it is fit/appropriate/kosher. But if there aren’t in the root that grows red a measurement that they would be able to be removed with scissors, it is invalid even according to the words of the Sages. For the measurement of two hairs that is stated in every place, is in order that they could be removed with scissors. And this is the Halakha.
