Комментарий к Охолот 5:4
לָגִין שֶׁהוּא מָלֵא מַשְׁקִין טְהוֹרִין, הַלָּגִין טָמֵא טֻמְאַת שִׁבְעָה, וְהַמַּשְׁקִין טְהוֹרִין. וְאִם פִּנָּן בִּכְלִי אַחֵר, טְמֵאִין. הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁהִיא לָשָׁה בָעֲרֵבָה, הָאִשָּׁה וְהָעֲרֵבָה טְמֵאִים טֻמְאַת שִׁבְעָה, וְהַבָּצֵק טָהוֹר. וְאִם פִּנַּתּוּ לִכְלִי אַחֵר, טָמֵא. חָזְרוּ בֵית הִלֵּל לְהוֹרוֹת כְּדִבְרֵי בֵית שַׁמָּאי:
Флагон, который полон чистой жидкости, он становится нечистым в течение семи дней, но жидкость чиста. Но если один опустошил [жидкости в другой сосуд, они нечистые. Женщина, которая замешивала кормушку, женщина и кормушка становятся нечистыми в течение семи дней, но тесто чистое. Но если вы опустошите тесто в другой сосуд, это нечисто. Бейт Гилель позже отказалась править, как Бейт Шаммай.
Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
לגין (a vessel smaller than a pitcher but larger than a cup/flask) – of wood or of metal that is placed in this upper chamber that the pot is placed on the mouth of its aperture in the roof looking to the ground floor.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Oholot
[With regard to] a flagon that is full of pure liquid, the flagon is defiled with seven days' impurity but the liquid remains clean. But if one poured it out into another vessel, it becomes unclean. In this scenario there is a flagon (a small jar) made of metal or wood that is found in the upper story of a house where a pot is blocking the hatch and there is a source of corpse impurity in the lower story. Our mishnah rules like Bet Shammai (and like Bet Hillel after they too began to rule like Bet Shammai). Since this flagon can be purified in a mikveh, it is defiled by the corpse impurity found in the bottom floor. The liquid remains clean. However, if he pours the liquid out into another vessel that is found in the upper story, the liquid is defiled by contact with the other vessel.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
הלגין טמא טומאת שבעה – that the pot does not protect over a wooden vessel or a metal vessel as we have stated.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Oholot
If a woman was kneading [in the upper story] at a trough, the woman and the trough become unclean with seven days impurity, but the dough remains clean But if one turned it out into another vessel, it becomes unclean. In this scenario, a woman is found kneading in the upper story. The woman and the kneading trough are impure because they can be cleansed in a mikveh. However, the dough cannot be cleansed in a mikveh so it is pure. Again, if he moves the dough to another vessel, it too is unclean.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
והמשקים טהורים – that the pot protects over foods and liquids.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Oholot
Bet Hillel changed their opinion and taught as Bet Shammai. Bet Hillel would have originally opposed the above halakhot, but they changed their mind and ruled like Bet Hillel, just as they did in yesterday's mishnah.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
ואם פינה (if she emptied it) – these liquids to another vessel that is the same upper chamber, the other vessel defiles them, for all of the vessels that are in the upper chamber are impure except for earthenware vessels. But the first vessel that the liquids were in are not defiled even though it (i.e., the vessel) is impure with ritual impurity for seven days. For if you said so, if so, the pot that is in the aperture in the roof looking to the ground does not protect over liquids at all, and we state that it protects over food and liquids.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
האשה והערבה טמאים (the woman and the trough are impure) – for the earthenware pot protects them.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
והבצק טהור – for the pot protects over the foods. And especially all the while that she did not separate from it, but if she lifted up [her] two hands from it and returned and kneaded it, this defiles the dough.
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