Комментарий к Менахот 2:2
שָׁחַט שְׁנֵי כְבָשִׂים לֶאֱכֹל אַחַת מִן הַחַלּוֹת לְמָחָר, הִקְטִיר שְׁנֵי בְזִיכִין לֶאֱכֹל אַחַד מִן הַסְּדָרִים לְמָחָר, רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, אוֹתָהּ הַחַלָּה וְאוֹתוֹ הַסֵּדֶר שֶׁחִשַּׁב עָלָיו, פִּגּוּל וְחַיָּבִין עָלָיו כָּרֵת, וְהַשֵּׁנִי פָּסוּל וְאֵין בּוֹ כָרֵת. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, זֶה וָזֶה פִּגּוּל וְחַיָּבִין עָלָיו כָּרֵת. נִטְמֵאת אַחַת מִן הַחַלּוֹת אוֹ אַחַד מִן הַסְּדָרִים, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, שְׁנֵיהֶם יֵצְאוּ לְבֵית הַשְּׂרֵפָה, שֶׁאֵין קָרְבַּן צִבּוּר חָלוּק. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, הַטָּמֵא בְטֻמְאָתוֹ, וְהַטָּהוֹר יֵאָכֵל:
Если он зарезал двух ягнят [намеревался] съесть одну из [двух] буханок на следующий день, или если он сжег два блюда [намерения ладана], чтобы съесть один из [двух] рядов сухариков на следующий день] Раввин Йосе говорит: тот кусок хлеба или тот ряд, в отношении которых он выразил намерение, отвергнут из-за поросенка, и он несет ответственность за его уничтожение, а другой недействителен, но он не несет ответственности за его уничтожение. Но мудрецы говорят, что оба отвергнуты из-за поросенка, и он несет ответственность за их уничтожение. Если один из [двух] хлебов или один из [двух] рядов [сдобного хлеба] стал нечистым: рабби Иуда говорит: оба должны быть вынесены к месту горения, потому что жертва собрания не может быть разделена. Но мудрецы говорят, что нечистое [рассматривается] как нечистое, но чистое можно есть.
Bartenura on Mishnah Menachot
שחט שני כבשים – of Atzeret/Shavuot, as it is written regarding them (Leviticus 23:19): “[You shall also offer one as a he-goat as a purification offering] and two yearling lambs as a sacrifice of well-being,” and those yearling lambs permit and sanctify the two loaves, for the bread is not holy other than with the slaughtering of the two yearling lambs, since they were needed with it in waving. But the rest of the lambs of Atzeret/Shavuot, are of the Musaf [sacrifice].
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English Explanation of Mishnah Menachot
Introduction
In this mishnah Rabbi Yose and the sages continue to debate cases where a priest has a disqualifying intention concerning one of the components of a sacrifice. The question is: does this cause the entire sacrifice to become piggul or just the part over which he had a disqualifying intention.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Menachot
לאכול אחת מן החלות למחר – for the time for the eating of the loaves is none other than during that day and night, like the law of the meal-offering, where it states concerning it (Leviticus 7:7): “The reparation offering/כחטאת is like the purification offering/כאשם. [The same rule applies to both: it shall belong to the priest who makes expiation thereby].”
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English Explanation of Mishnah Menachot
If he slaughtered the two lambs [intending] to eat one of the [two] loaves the next day, or if he burned the two dishes [of the frankincense intending] to eat one of the [two] rows of the showbread the next day: Rabbi Yose says: that loaf or that row about which he expressed the intention is piggul and he is liable for karet for it, while the other is invalid but he is not liable for karet for it. But the sages say, both are piggul and he is liable for karet for both of them. On Shavuot there are two lambs offered on behalf of the community, and with them are brought two loaves of bread. When the lambs are sacrificed the loaves become sanctified (see Leviticus 23:17, 19-20). In the case here, when sacrificing the lamb the priest has the intention to eat one of the two loaves after the proper time. On top of the showbread the priest puts two dishes of frankincense. When he burns this frankincense on Shabbat, the showbread can be eaten that day and the following night. In the case here, the priest intends to eat one of the two rows of the showbread the following day, after its time has expired. The debate concerning these two circumstances is similar to the debate in yesterday’s mishnah. According to Rabbi Yose, a disqualifying intention with regard to one of the component parts does not cause the entire sacrifice to become piggul. Thus the loaf which he intended to eat the next day is piggul and one who eats it is liable for karet. The other loaf is invalid, but it is not piggul. The same is true with regard to the two rows of bread; only the one which he intended to eat the next day is piggul. The rabbis are consistent with their position in the previous mishnah. If the priest intends to eat one part of the sacrifice after its time has expired, then the whole sacrifice is piggul and one who eats any part of it is liable for karet.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Menachot
הקטיר שני בזיכים – for two piles of wood on the altar in the Temple of the shewbread , as it is written (Leviticus 24:6): “Place them on the pure table before the LORD in two rows, six to a row,” there was on each pile of wood one spoon which has in it frankincense, as it is written (Leviticus 24:7): “With each row you shall place pure frankincense, [which is to be the a token offering for the bread, as a gift to the LORD].” And these two spoons which in them is placed the frankincense are called the two censers/vessels. And the frankincense is burned as it is written (Leviticus 24:7): “which is to be token offering for the bread, And the bread is consumed, and the time for its consumption is only all of that week that they remove it from the table. But if at the time when the two censers of frankincense are offered, he thought of one of the other piles of wood on the altar of bread to eat it on the morrow, that is to say, not at its appropriate time.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Menachot
If one of the [two] loaves or one of the [two] rows [of the showbread] became unclean: Rabbi Judah says: both must be taken out to the place of burning, for the offering of the congregation may not be divided. But the sages say, the unclean [is treated] as unclean, but the clean may be eaten. Since the previous section dealt with the two loaves and the two rows of showbread, the mishnah relates another law concerning these sacrifices. If one of the two things (either loaves or rows) becomes impure and thus cannot be eaten, Rabbi Judah says they both must be burned. A sacrifice of the congregation cannot be divided in two, and therefore neither can be eaten. The rabbis say that only the part that was actually impure cannot be eaten. The other part is still permitted.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Menachot
אותה חלה – of the two loaves of Atzeret/Shavuot.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Menachot
ואותו הסדר – of the shewbread.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Menachot
זה וזה פגול – for all of them are considered as one body.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Menachot
נטמאת אחת מן החלות – and specifically when one of the two loaves are defiled before the sprinkling of the blood of the lambs, or one from the rows prior to the burning of [on the altar] of the dishes/censers, is what Rabbi Yehuda and the Rabbis disagree upon. But if it was defiled after the sprinkling of the blood or after the burning of the dishes/censers, everyone agrees that what is defiled remains in its defiled state and that which is pure can be eaten.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Menachot
שאין קרבן צבור חלוק – in the Gemara (Tractate Menahot 15a) it reaches a definite conclusion that Rabbi Yehuda stated that this matter is not from a Scriptural verse nor from logic, but rather it is an accepted teaching in the mouth of Rabbi Yehuda, and such it was received from his Rabbis/teachers that an offering of the congregation may not be divided, and if half of it was disqualified, all of it is disqualified.
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