Комментарий к Меила 4:4
הַפִּגּוּל וְהַנּוֹתָר אֵין מִצְטָרְפִין זֶה עִם זֶה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵם שְׁנֵי שֵׁמוֹת. הַשֶּׁרֶץ וְהַנְּבֵלָה, וְכֵן הַנְּבֵלָה וּבְשַׂר הַמֵּת, אֵין מִצְטָרְפִין זֶה עִם זֶה לְטַמֵּא אֲפִלּוּ כַקַּל שֶׁבִּשְׁנֵיהֶם. הָאֹכֶל שֶׁנִּטְמָא בְאַב הַטֻּמְאָה וְשֶׁנִּטְמָא בִוְלַד הַטֻּמְאָה, מִצְטָרְפִין זֶה עִם זֶה לְטַמֵּא כַקַּל שֶׁבִּשְׁנֵיהֶם:
Пиггул и нотариус не объединяются, потому что у них два разных имени. Ползучее животное и животные, которые умерли без должного убоя, и животные, которые умерли без должного убоя, и мясо мертвого животного не объединяются, чтобы передавать нечистоту, даже в более мягких [чертах] этих двух. Пища, которая стала нечистой из-за контакта с ав хатумах . отец Тумах ; первоисточник] или которые стали нечистыми из-за [соприкосновения] с великой хатумой [лит. потомство тумах ; не первоисточник] могут объединяться друг с другом для передачи примеси как более снисходительного из двух.
Bartenura on Mishnah Meilah
שני שמות (two categories) – two separate negative commandments.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Meilah
Introduction
In today’s mishnah we learn that different types of prohibited substances do not join together to add up to a sufficient amount for a transgression to have occurred.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Meilah
בקל שבשניהם (the lesser of the two of them)- that is to say, it combines for [ritual] defilement even with the lesser requisite measurement, as for example, that it would combine for less than the equivalent of a lentil’s bulk of a creeping reptile to complete the equivalent of an olive’s bulk of a carrion, and all the more so, that it would not combine to the requisite greater measurement. And similar, half of an olive’s bulk of a dead corpse does not combine to a half of an olive’s bulk of carrion to become impure, even for the impurity until evening.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Meilah
Piggul and remnant do not combine with one another because they are of two different names. In yesterday’s mishnah we learned that different types of piggul can combine together, and different types of sheratzim can combine together, etc. Today we learn that differently named substances do not combine together. So if one eats half of an olive’s worth of piggul and half of an olive’s worth of notar (remnant) he is not liable, because he has not eaten enough prohibited food of one prohibition.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Meilah
אוכל שנטמא באב – this is the offspring of a first degree of uncleanness.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Meilah
Sheretz and carrion, as well as carrion and the flesh of a corpse do not combine with one another to effect impurity, not even in respect of the more lenient of the two [grades] of defilement. Similarly, sheretz (a creepy crawly thing that transmits impurity see yesterday’s mishnah) and carrion, and carrion and flesh from a human corpse do not join together to create the minimum amount needed to effect impurity. This is true even with regard to the lower quantity or level of defilement. For instance, less than a lentil’s worth of a sheretz does not join together with less than an olive’s worth of carrion. Similarly, less than an olive’s worth of a human corpse does not join with less than an olive’s worth of animal carrion to transmit the type of impurity that makes on impure for only one day.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Meilah
שנטמא בולד הטומאה – this is the offspring of second degree of uncleanness.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Meilah
Food contaminated through contact with a primary defilement can combine with that contaminated by a secondary defilement to affect uncleanness according to the lower degree of defilement of the two. Food that has been contaminated by contact with a source of primary defilement (such as a dead body) now has first degree defilement. Food that has been contaminated with something that has secondary defilement now has second degree defilement. These different foods can combine to form the minimum amount of an egg’s worth to contaminate other foods according to the lower degree of the two. If the joined substance comes into contact with terumah, it would cause it to have third degree defilement, which is a very low level of defilement. We shall learn more about this when we learn tractate Toharot.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Meilah
מצטרפין זה עם זה – to the equivalent of an egg’s bulk, which is the measurement of impurity for foodstuffs.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Meilah
לטמא בקל שבשניהם – to become third-degree [of uncleanness] in the manner that the second [degree of uncleanness] becomes third [degree of uncleanness], which is the lesser of the two of them. But it does not combine to that which would become second [degree of uncleanness] like it makes the first [degree of uncleanness] become second [degree of uncleanness], for if so, it was like the greater/more stringent of the two of them.
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