Комментарий к Маасро́т 5:4
לֹא יִמְכֹּר אָדָם אֶת תִּבְנוֹ וְאֶת גִּפְתּוֹ וְאֶת זַגָּיו לְמִי שֶׁאֵינוֹ נֶאֱמָן עַל הַמַּעַשְׂרוֹת, לְהוֹצִיא מֵהֶן מַשְׁקִין. וְאִם הוֹצִיא, חַיָּב בַּמַּעַשְׂרוֹת וּפָטוּר מִן הַתְּרוּמָה, שֶׁהַתּוֹרֵם, בְּלִבּוֹ עַל הַקְּטוּעִים, עַל הַצְּדָדִים וְעַל מַה שֶּׁבְּתוֹךְ הַתֶּבֶן:
Человек не может продать свою солому, ни свой оливковый торф, ни свою виноградную мякоть тому, кому нельзя доверять в отношении десятины, чтобы он извлекал из них сок. Если он действительно извлек [сок], он должен был платить десятину, но освобожден от Терумы , потому что тот, кто разделяет Теруму, имеет в виду фрагменты и стороны и то, что находится в соломе.
Bartenura on Mishnah Maasrot
תבנו – ears of corn that were threshed and sometimes, there remains in them wheat.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maasrot
Introduction
Our mishnah continues to deal with selling produce to a person not trusted to tithe.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maasrot
גפתו – refuse of olives.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maasrot
One may not sell his straw, nor his olive peat, or his grape pulp to one who is not to be trusted in [with respect to] tithes, for him to extract the juice from them. Although straw, olive peat and grape pulp are not truly edible and therefore are not liable for tithes, one shouldn’t sell them to someone who is not trusted to tithe, if the purchaser is intending to squeeze the juice out of the olive peat or grape pulp, or to search for the left-over grains within the straw. These products would be liable for tithes, and since he doesn’t tithe, one cannot sell to him.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maasrot
זגין – refuse of grapes.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maasrot
If he did extract the juice he is liable for tithes, but is exempt from terumah, because when one separates terumah he has in mind the fragments which [is] by the sides, and that which is inside the straw. If, nevertheless, he did sell these to someone else, the purchaser must take out the tithes. However, he need not take out terumah because when the original seller takes out terumah for the main-product he will intend to separate terumah on behalf of these by-products as well. For instance, one who takes out terumah from grain, intends to exempt the grain that is found in the broken stalks that weren’t threshed properly, as well as the grains that are left among the straw. Since the original owner separates tithes for this grain, the purchaser need not do so. The same is true for olives and grapes. However, the purchaser still needs to separate tithes because the original owner separates tithes based on measurements, and these by-products are not part of that measure.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maasrot
להוציא מהן משקין – it is referring to its [olive] peat and interior kernels.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maasrot
על הקטועין – improperly threshed ears of corn.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maasrot
על הצדדין – sides of the pile, and similar one who separates heave offing in the pit, in his heart on what is in the exterior and what is the interior parts of the grape, and one who separates the heave offering in the olive press,, in his heart, on what is within the peat.
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