Комментарий к Киним 3:5

חַטָּאת שֶׁנִּתְעָרְבָה בְחוֹבָה, אֵין כָּשֵׁר אֶלָּא מִנְיַן חַטָּאת שֶׁבַּחוֹבָה. חוֹבָה שְׁנַיִם בְּחַטָּאת, מֶחֱצָה כָשֵׁר וּמֶחֱצָה פָסוּל. וְחַטָּאת שְׁנַיִם בְּחוֹבָה, הַמִּנְיָן שֶׁבַּחוֹבָה כָּשֵׁר. וְכֵן עוֹלָה שֶׁנִּתְעָרְבָה בְחוֹבָה, אֵין כָּשֵׁר אֶלָּא מִנְיַן עוֹלוֹת שֶׁבַּחוֹבָה. חוֹבָה שְׁנַיִם בְּעוֹלָה, מֶחֱצָה כָשֵׁר וּמֶחֱצָה פָסוּל. עוֹלָה שְׁנַיִם בְּחוֹבָה, הַמִּנְיָן שֶׁבַּחוֹבָה כָּשֵׁר:

Птицы, приносящие грех, которые смешались с [равным числом] обязательных пар [приношений за грех и всесожжения], они недействительны, за исключением количества птиц, приносящих грех, в обязательных парах. Если количество обязательных пар вдвое больше, чем у птиц, приносящих грех, половина действительна, а половина недействительна. Если птиц, приносящих грех, вдвое больше обязательных [пар], то допустимо только количество птиц в обязательных парах. Аналогично, жертва всесожжения, которая смешана с обязательной парой, является только количеством птиц всесожжения в обязательных парах. Если количество обязательных [пар] в два раза больше, чем у подносящих [птиц], то половина действительна, а половина недействительна. Если всесожжения [птицы] вдвое больше обязательных [птиц], то действительным является только число [птиц] в обязательных парах.

Bartenura on Mishnah Kinnim

חטאת שנתערבה בחובה – that is to say, that which we taught above in the Chapter One [Tractate Kinnim, Mishnah two] a sin-offering that was combined/confused with an obligatory sacrifice is not kosher/fit other than only the number corresponding to the sin-offerings among [the offerings brought in fulfillment of] an obligation, that sometimes, that number goes up to half kosher/fit and half invalid, and sometimes it goes to less than half, and it will explain further on how so.

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English Explanation of Mishnah Kinnim

If hataot birds were mixed up with [unassigned birds that were] obligatory offerings, only the number of hataot among the obligatory offerings are valid.
If the [unassigned] obligatory offerings are twice as many as the hataot, then half are valid and half invalid;
But if the hataot are twice as many as the [unassigned] obligatory offerings, then the number [of hataot] among the obligatory offerings are valid.
So, too, if [birds assigned as] olot were mixed up with [unassigned] obligatory offerings, only the number of olot among the obligatory offerings are valid.
If the [unassigned] obligatory offerings are twice as many as the olot, then half are valid and half invalid.
But if the olot are twice as many as the [unassigned] obligatory offerings, then the number [of olot] among the obligatory offerings are valid.
Section one: This halakhah is basically a repeat of the halakhah taught in 1:2. Obligatory bird offerings contain two birds one of which will be an olah and one a hatat. So if some birds that have already been designated as hataot get mixed up with some pairs of obligatory offerings, the valid birds are equivalent to the number of hataot in the pairs. So if ten hataot get mixed up with six pairs, of the 22 birds, any six we take can definitely be a hatat. But the seventh bird might be the seventh bird from the six pairs, in which case it should have been an olah.
Section two: If two obligatory offerings, meaning two birds one of which needs to be a hatat and one an olah, are mixed up with one hatat, then we divide the birds into two. The first bird is valid as a hatat, the second bird is definitely disqualified and the third bird is potentially half-valid, but since it can't be divided, there is nothing that can be done with it. Similarly, if three obligatory offerings get mixed up with one hatat, three birds are valid as a hatat, three are invalid and the third cannot be divided.
Section three: But if there are two hataot that get mixed up with one pair of obligatory offerings, only one bird will be valid as a hatat.
Sections four-six: The second half of this mishnah just teaches the same rule with regard to olot.

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Bartenura on Mishnah Kinnim

חובה שנים בחטאת מחצה כשר ומחצה פסול – explanation, two couples of bird sacrifices for an obligation they have twice as many as that brought for a sin-offering, as for example, that he offered up as a sacrifice from them one burnt-offering and there remained two sin-offerings and one burnt-offering.

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Bartenura on Mishnah Kinnim

מחצה כשר ומחצה פסול – that one burnt-offering that remains cannot be offered lest this is the one that is set for a sin-offering, and a sin-offering that is confused/combined he (i.e., the Kohen) cannot offer up lest it is the remaining burnt-offering, therefore he does not offer up ought other than two sin-offerings, but the sin-offering that is confused/combined and the burnt-offering that remains are invalid, and this is half of them are kosher/fit and half of them are invalid.

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Bartenura on Mishnah Kinnim

חטאת שנים בחובה מנין שבחובה כשר – explanation, as for example, that she offered up one sin-offering from the two couples of bird sacrifices and there remained two burnt-offerings and one sin-offering. Behold they are four individual pigeons with the sin-offering that was confused/mixed up between them, and he is not able to offer up two burnt-offerings lest he take the confused/mixed-up sin-offering, and also he cannot offer up two sin-offerings lest he take that [bird] that is set for the burnt-offering, therefore, he doesn’t sacrifice anything other than one sin-offering, for the burnt-offering of that is the lesser number that is the less than that which is half-kosher/fit. And in a similar manner we explain also and similarly the burnt-offering that was confused/mixed-up with an obligatory sacrifice.

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