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חַטָּאת שֶׁנִּתְעָרְבָה בְעוֹלָה וְעוֹלָה בְחַטָּאת, אֲפִלּוּ אֶחָד בְּרִבּוֹא, יָמוּתוּ כֻלָּם. חַטָּאת שֶׁנִּתְעָרְבָה בְחוֹבָה, אֵין כָּשֵׁר אֶלָּא כְמִנְיַן חַטָּאוֹת שֶׁבַּחוֹבָה. וְכֵן עוֹלָה שֶׁנִּתְעָרְבָה בְחוֹבָה, אֵין כָּשֵׁר אֶלָּא כְמִנְיַן עוֹלוֹת שֶׁבַּחוֹבָה, בֵּין שֶׁהַחוֹבָה מְרֻבָּה וְהַנְּדָבָה מְמֻעֶטֶת, בֵּין שֶׁהַנְּדָבָה מְרֻבָּה וְהַחוֹבָה מְמֻעֶטֶת, בֵּין שֶׁשְּׁתֵּיהֶן שָׁווֹת:
Жертва за грех [птица], смешанная с жертвами всесожжения [птицы], или жертва всесожжения [птица], смешанная с жертвами за грех [птицами], даже если одна [птица смешалась с] десятью тысячами [птицами] другого типа предложения] все они должны быть оставлены умирать. Приношение за грех, смешанное с [парой] обязательных [птиц], разрешено [приносить в жертву] только количество приношений за грех [содержащихся] в обязательной [паре]. Аналогично, всесожжение, которое смешалось с обязательной [парой] обязательных [птиц], разрешено [приносить в жертву] только количество всесожжения [содержащихся] в обязательной [паре]. [Это правда], много ли обязательных [птиц] и меньше пожертвованных, [или] много ли пожертвованных и меньше обязательных [птиц], [или] равны ли они оба.
Bartenura on Mishnah Kinnim
אפילו אחד ברבוא ימותו כולן – but it is not neutralized in a majority, for these are considered living creatures and are not neutralized.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kinnim
Introduction
Our mishnah begins to discuss different types of bird-offerings that get mixed up one with the other, and what can be done to best remedy the situation.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kinnim
חטאת שנתערה בחובה – a dove or a pigeon of a sin-offering that was mixed up with two couples of sacrificial birds of an obligatory offering, that is couples of sacrificial birds for a woman giving birth or a woman who experiences a flow of menstrual-type on three consecutive days during a time of the month when she is not due to experience menstrual bleeding/זבה for each couple of sacrificial birds - of them one for a burnt-offering and one for a sin-offering, and it is now found that there are five pairs of pigeons that are mixed up together.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kinnim
If a hatat becomes mixed up with an olah, or an olah with a hatat, were it even one in ten thousand, they all must be left to die. If a bird hatat and a bird olah become mixed up, they cannot be sacrificed because the blood of the hatat is sprinkled on the lower portion of the altar and the blood of the olah on the upper portion. And as we learned in yesterday's mishnah, if he spills the blood in the wrong area, the sacrifice is disqualified. If these were animal sacrifices, they could be left until they become blemished and then redeemed. However, bird sacrifices cannot be redeemed (see Menahot 12:1). Therefore, there is nothing left to do but let the birds die.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kinnim
אין כשר אלא מנין חטאת שבתוכה – and he is not able to bring from those five pairs of pigeons other than two sin-offerings alone, that is the kosher number in two couples of sacrificial birds of an obligation. For if he made three sins-offerings, perhaps from the two couples of sacrificial birds, he made it, and not from that which was mixed up/confused in them, and from the two couples of sacrificial birds, they are not able to make only two sin-offerings, and he cannot make even one burnt-offering and one sin-offering.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kinnim
If a hatat becomes mixed up with [unassigned] obligatory [bird] offerings, the only ones that are valid are those that correspond to the number of hatats among the obligatory offerings. The rest of the mishnah deals with a case where either a hatat bird (offered individually for a sin) or an olah bird (offered voluntarily) becomes mixed up with kinim, that is a pair or pairs of birds, one of which must be offered as a hatat and one as an olah. The cases here refer to undetermined kinim the owner did not determine which bird from each pair will be a hatat and which will be an olah. If one hatat bird is mixed up with one ken, he can offer one bird as a hatat, because of any two birds he takes, one can be a hatat, either the "other" hatat or the hatat of the ken. But he can't offer two as a hatat, lest both of the birds are from the ken, and one of those birds must be an olah. And he can't offer any of the birds as an olah, lest the bird he tries to offer is the hatat. The same is true if he has two kinim he can offer two hatats, for two birds have to be hataot.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kinnim
וכן עולה – a pigeon or a dove that was separated for the sake of a burnt-offering.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kinnim
Similarly, if an olah becomes mixed up with [unassigned] obligatory [bird] offerings, the only ones that are valid are those that correspond to the number of olot among the obligatory offerings The same rule applies if the "other" bird is an olah. He can now offer as many olot as there are kinim.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kinnim
שנתערבה בחובה – with two mere couples of sacrificial birds.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kinnim
[This rule holds true] whether the [unassigned] obligatory offerings are in the majority and the freewill-offerings in the minority, or the freewill-offerings are in the majority and those that are obligatory in the minority, or whether they are both equal in number. The "voluntary" bird offerings referred to here are olot because most voluntary bird offerings were olot. The mishnah reiterates that the rule taught above holds true no matter whether there are many voluntary bird offerings and just a few mandatory ones, or vice versa or the same number. One can offer only as many olot the number of olot found in the mandatory offerings.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kinnim
אין כשר אלא מנין עולות שבחובה – as is explained above concerning the sin-offering.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kinnim
בן החובה מרובה ונדבה מועטת – as for example, one couple of sacrificial birds which is separated that were burnt-offerings, that was combined/confused with several unassigned couples of sacrificial birds that are burnt-offerings, that were mixed up/confused with several regular couples of sacrificial birds of women who gave birth or of a woman who experiences a flow of menstrual-type on three consecutive days during a time of the month when she is not due to experience menstrual bleeding, that each couple of sacrificial birds, one of them is a sin-offering and one of them is a burnt-offering.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kinnim
בין וכו' – as for example, one unassigned set of sacrificial birds that became mixed up with several sets of sacrificial birds for burnt-offerings, and we call these burnt-offerings that were set aside as a free-will offering, because with vows and free-will offerings, all of them are burnt-offerings as is taught in the Mishnah at the beginning of the chapter (Tractate Kinnim, Chapter 1, Mishnah 1).
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