Комментарий к Кила́им 6:3
הַמַּדְלֶה אֶת הַגֶּפֶן עַל מִקְצָת אַפִּיפְיָרוֹת, לֹא יָבִיא זֶרַע אֶל תַּחַת הַמּוֹתָר. אִם הֵבִיא, לֹא קִדֵּשׁ. וְאִם הִלֵּךְ הֶחָדָשׁ, אָסוּר. וְכֵן הַמַּדְלֶה עַל מִקְצָת אִילַן סְרָק:
Если кто-то приостанавливает виноградную лозу над частью шпалеры, он не может принести [сеять] семена под остальную часть. Если он принес [семена], он не сделал это запрещенным [как килаим ]. Если [однако] новые [побеги винограда] распространились [по остальной территории], то это [семена, посеянные под остальной частью], запрещены. Точно так же [закон тот же], если кто-то подвешивает [виноградную лозу] над частью дерева серак [не плодоносящего дерева, где виноградная лоза более важна, чем дерево].
English Explanation of Mishnah Kilayim
Introduction
This mishnah deals with one who hangs vines over a trellis the question is can he plant seeds under the parts of the trellis not covered with vines.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kilayim
One who suspends vines over papyrus-ropes [of a trellis], he may not bring seed beneath the remainder [of the trellis]. It is forbidden, ab initio, to sow seeds underneath a trellis with vines trained over it, even underneath the parts that don’t have vines on them.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kilayim
However, if he did so, he has not caused them to be prohibited. Although one is not allowed to plant seeds underneath the trellis, if he does do so, he has not caused the seeds to be prohibited. This is because he has not sown the seeds underneath the vines themselves.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kilayim
If new [tendrils] spread [over the remainder], that [which was sown under the remainder] is forbidden. If, contra to the rules, he does sow seeds underneath the trellis when there are no vines directly overhead, and then the vines do grow over those seeds, the seeds underneath the vines now become prohibited.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kilayim
Similarly, when one hangs vines over some part of a non-fruit-bearing tree. The same rules that apply above also apply when one hangs vines over a non-fruit bearing tree. The tree in this case is considered to be like a trellis because it does not bear fruit. In tomorrow’s mishnah we will learn that the rule is different when the tree does bear fruit.
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