Большое животное приобретается путем «передачи» (месира) [владелец передает его покупателю за поводок или за волосы], а маленькое животное приобретается путем поднятия. [а не потянув.] Это слова Р. Меира и Р. Элиэзера. Мудрецы говорят: маленькое животное приобретается потянув. [И даже если его можно поднять, его все равно можно получить, потянув, потому что он всегда "цепляется" за землю своими когтями. Галаха: и большое животное, и маленькое, приобретаются путем вытягивания, и, само собой разумеется, путем подъема. Вытягивание эффектов в симте, углу в открытом доступе и в общем домене. Mesirah производит приобретение в открытом доступе и в общем доступе. Приобретение лифтинговых эффектов во всех областях. Все животные, которые обычно приобретаются путем подъема, не приобретаются иначе. То, что приобретено мезирой, не приобретено тянущим. Точно так же то, что приобретено притяжением, не приобретено мезирами.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Kiddushin
במסירה – the owners transfer it to the purchaser by a bit or by its hair.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kiddushin
Introduction
Today’s mishnah teaches how large animals such as cows and oxen, and small animals such as sheep and goats are acquired. We should note that money does not acquire animals, nor does it acquire any other movable property. According to mishnaic law a person must actually come into contact with the animal in order to acquire it. We should note that while this may have worked for the small agricultural communities of Palestine in antiquity it became very difficult by and perhaps long before the Middle Ages. By that time Jews were heavily involved in international trade and could not possibly physically handle every commodity that they acquired. Hence alternative legal means were worked out whereby money could be used to acquire legal rights to movable commodities.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kiddushin
בהגבהה – but not by taking possession by drawing towards one’s self the object to be acquired
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kiddushin
Large animals are acquired by being handed over and small animals by lifting, the words of Rabbi Meir and Rabbi Elazar. The sages say: small animals are acquired by being led. According to Rabbi Meir and Rabbi Elazar large animals are acquired by being “handed over” from their owner to the purchaser. This would entail the purchaser taking hole of the reins, saddle or even hair of the animal. Small animals, however, may be lifted and therefore they are acquired only through lifting. They are not acquired by being handed over or by being led. The sages disagree with regard to the acquisition of small animals. Despite the fact that they can be lifted, it is still difficult to do so. Therefore they are acquired by being led. Since goats and sheep do not have reins they are led by being pushed or directed by voice commands.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kiddushin
נקנית במשיכה – and even though that it is possible [to be acquired] by lifting, nevertheless, it is acquired by “pulling” (i.e., drawing towards oneself the object to be acquired), because it clutches [the ground], for she becomes strong with her nails by grasping through the ground. And the Halakhic decision is that whether [we are speaking of] a small animal or a large animal, it is acquired by “pulling” and all the more so by lifting up, for “pulling” acquires in a market-stand/alley adjoining an open place to which merchants retire to transact business, which is the corner of the public domain, or in the courtyard of both of them (i.e., the seller and the purchaser). But “pulling” purchases in the public domain or in a courtyard that does not [belong] to them both. And “lifting” acquires in any place. And all that it is customary [to acquire] through “lifting” is not acquired other than through lifting. And Something that is acquired by transferring is not acquired by pulling. And similarly, a thing that is acquired by “pulling” is not acquired by transferring.
