Что считается бракованным судном? Любой, чьи ручки были сломаны. Если он имеет полые ручки, если он может содержать оливки, он может стать нечистым при прикосновении и может сделать вещи, противоположные ему, нечистыми в воздухе. Если он не может содержать оливки, он может стать нечистым от прикосновения, но не сделает нечистыми вещи, противоположные ему. Если он лежал на боку, как кресло катедры, - если он может содержать оливки, он может стать нечистым от прикосновения и может сделать вещи, противоположные ему, нечистыми в воздухе; если он не может содержать оливки, он может стать нечистым при прикосновении, но не делает вещи, противоположные ему, нечистыми в воздухе. Дно заостренного сосуда и дно сидонийских чаш, даже если они не могут отдыхать без поддержки, они нечисты, потому что были сделаны таким образом.
Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
כל שנטלו אזניה – [when its handles have been removed] – it is considered defective/broken, fo since it lacks handles to carry it from place to place, and if it was cracked, its measure is like as it releases liquid.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
What is meant by a "damaged vessel" (? One whose handles were removed. Yesterday's mishnah dealt with a damaged vessel called a gistera. A vessel is considered to be a gistera once its handles have fallen off.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
היו בה חדודים (if there were prongs projecting from the bottom of the misshaped vessel) – a mere earthenware [vessel] that was broken, there projects from [its bottom] prongs, as [it states in] (Job 41:22): “His underpart is jagged shards; [It spreads a threshing sledge on the mud].”
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
If sharp ends projected from it: Any part of it which can contain olives contracts impurity by contact, while any impurity opposite an end conveys impurity to the vessel through its air-space, But any part of it which cannot contain olives contracts impurity by contact, while an impurity opposite an end does not convey impurity through its air-space. The gistera described here has sharp edges protruding where the handle broke off from the vessel. These sharp edges seem to be on the top of the broken vessel. If these edges are close enough together so that the vessel can still hold olives, then the entire vessel can be defiled by contact on the inside of the vessel. And anything inside the vessel facing the sharp edges will convey impurity through air space, even if it does not come into contact with the vessel. In this case the sharp edges are simply part of the vessel. However, if the sharp edges are far enough apart so that they cannot hold olives, then they can still become impure through contact, but they cannot become impure by something entering their airspace. In this case the sharp edges are considered to be a handle to the vessel, and handles are not defiled by something that enters their airspace.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
כל המקבל עמה בזיתים – if an olive does not protrude between each prong, it is considered as “inside” like the גיסטרא/defective receptacle itself and defiles even the airspace, but if the olive does not protrude from between them, it does not defile airspace, but it does defile through contact by reason of the hand.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
If it was leaning on its side like a kind of cathedra, Any part of it which can contain olives contracts impurity by contact, while any impurity opposite an end conveys impurity to the vessel through its air-space, But any part of it which cannot contain olives contracts impurity by contact, while an impurity opposite an end does not convey impurity to the vessel through its air-space. If the gistera was split in two from top to bottom so that it looks like a "cathedra," a carriage seat with a back and two sides. In other words, one side is open but three sides are closed. In such a case any part of the vessel that can be used to hold olives, contracts impurity both by contact and by defiling agents entering its airspace. The part of the gistera that cannot contain olives contracts impurity only through contact and not through defiling agents entering its airspace. Note that this halakhah matches the opinion of the sages in 4:1.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
היתה מוטה על צדה – that it was split by length like a kind of trough and doesn’t sit other than upon its sides/walls and it has prongs projecting.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
Bowls with Korfian [bottoms], and cups with Zidonian bottoms, although they cannot stand unsupported, are susceptible to impurity, because they were originally fashioned in this manner. Korfian bottoms are pointed so that the bowl cannot stand unsupported. So too, Sidonian cups have pointed bottoms. Generally, the "gistera" of a vessel that cannot stand unsupported is not susceptible to impurity. But because these vessels were originally made to be this way, their gisteras are susceptible to impurity.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
כל המקבל עמה בזיתים – in the manner that it defiles when it is sitting on its rim, so also it defiles while sitting on its side. But our anonymous Mishnah is according to the Sages of above (see Tractate Kelim, Chapter 4, Mishnah 1) that defiles regarding a jar that was split like two troughs.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
קתדרא – a seat of women that walk on the wagon (see Tractate Kelim, Chapter 24, Mishnah 2).
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
קורפיות – on account of their place. But they are sharp vessels that they do not sit upon without support.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
וקוסימן – the language of )Numbers 4:7): “[Over the table of display they shall spread a blue cloth; they shall place upon it the bowls, the ladles, the jars,] and the libation jugs.” But in [Tractate] Sanhedrin [Chapter 9, Mishnah 8] “a person who steals the vessel for libation,” and this is the name for the sacred vessels, and קוסים/rough-edged cups are kinds of vessels that their bottoms are sharp and when they cook in them, they place them on an iron vessel that they call TRIPIDI in the foreign language, and when hey lower them, they support them in he ashes of the portable stove on feet.
