Если он правил для себя и нарушил сам, он получает искупление сам, [то есть он сам должен принести тельца]. Если он правил с собранием [Если бы он был одним из синедрионов, который правил невольно], и он Преодолев собрание, он получает искупление [тельцом забвения] собрания, [и он не требует другого приношения. Ибо я мог бы подумать, что так же, как в Йом Кипур, он не получает искупления с собранием, когда написано (Левит 16:11): «И он заколет тельца жертвы за грех, который принадлежит ему», и здесь он будет нуждаться в собственной жертве; поэтому нам сообщают, что это не так, исходя из (там же 4: 3): «За грех, который он согрешил»—За грех, который отличает его, он приносит свою жертву, но за грех, который не отличается от него, он не приносит свою жертву. Из этого следует, что помазанный священник должен получить искупление с собранием, [потому что Бет-Дин не несет ответственности, пока не постановит аннулировать часть и выполнить часть, и, таким образом, с помазанным священником, [откуда видно, что они приравнивают помазанного священник с бет-дином во всех отношениях. Поэтому, когда он правил в собрании, из этого следует, что он должен быть приравнен к общине и получить искупление в собрании.] И они не несут ответственности (приносить жертвы) за идолопоклонство, пока не примут решение аннулировать часть и выполнить часть , [Потому что это написано в отношении другого мицвота (Левит 4:13): «и что скрывается от глаз собрания», а в отношении идолопоклонства (Числа 15:24): «И будет если глазами собрания и т. д. »— (мы заключаем :) Как и в случае с другим мицвотом (жертва приносится), только если вещь была аннулирована, а не все тело (мицвы), то же самое относится к идолопоклонству, «вещи», а не всему телу.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Horayot
He makes his atonement alone - He alone must bring a bull for a sin-offering.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Horayot
Introduction
Mishnah two continues to discuss the anointed high priest who issues an errant ruling.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Horayot
If he rendered his ruling together with [the court of] the congregation – He was a member of the Sanhedrin that ruled in error.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Horayot
An [anointed high priest] who rendered an errant decision alone and acted accordingly alone, he makes his atonement alone. If he rendered his ruling together with [the court of] the congregation and acted accordingly together with the congregation, he makes his atonement together with the congregation. For the court is not liable unless they ruled to annul part of a commandment and to retain a part of it; and so [it is with] the anointed [high] priest. Nor [are they liable] for idolatry unless they ruled to annul the law in part and to retain it in part. If the high priest issued an errant ruling on his own, in other words without the court having taken part in the decision making, and then he acted alone, he alone must bring a bull as a sin offering. This is basically the same rule that we learned in the previous mishnah. It is summarized here in order to offer a contrast with the following section.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Horayot
He makes his atonement together with the congregation – With the congregation’s bull for an error-in-judgment (para ha’elem davar) sacrifice and is not obligated to bring any other sacrifice. It would have occurred to you that I might say that on Yom Kippur he does not atone with the congregation, as it is written (Leviticus 16), “and shall kill the bullock of the sin-offering which is for himself,” so too he will need to bring his own sacrifice; here it teaches us that he does not. He derives it from the Torah (Leviticus 4), “on the sin which he sinned.” For a sin that is unique to him he brings his own sacrifice, but for a sin that is not unique to him he does not bring his own sacrifice.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Horayot
If the high priest ruled in error with the court of the congregation, the sanhedrin, and transgressed together with the rest of the congregation, then he need not bring a special bull on his own. Rather he receives atonement through the same bull that the community brings.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Horayot
For the court is not liable – I.e., the law is that the high priest atones with the congregation, that the beit din is not liable, etc. but that the high priest is. It follows that the high priest is equal to the beit din on all matters. If he issued a ruling for the congregation he is equal to them and must atone with the congregation.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Horayot
The language of this section makes it look as if it is a commentary on the previous section, but its content seems independent. The section teaches that just as we learned above in chapter one, mishnah three, that a court is not liable to bring the bull sin-offering unless it ruled to annul part of a commandment but retain the rest, the same is true for the high priest. If he rules, for example, that there is no such thing as Shabbat, he is not liable to bring a bull; but if he rules that a certain forbidden activity is actually permitted on Shabbat, he is liable. These same rules apply with regard to both regular sins and to sins involving idolatry.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Horayot
Nor [are they liable] for idolatry unless they ruled to annul the law in part – As it is written about all the other commandments (Leviticus 4), “the thing being hidden from the eyes of the congregation.” And about idol worship it is written (Numbers 15), “If it be hidden from their eyes . . .”, in all the commandments the matter will be hidden but not from the entire body, so too with idol workshop it will be hidden [from the eyes] and not from the whole body.
