Доски размещаются (вертикально) вокруг колодцев [в открытом доступе. К колодцам относятся частные владения, имеющие глубину десять тефахим, так что не разрешается брать из них воду и выносить ее в общественное достояние. Поэтому доски расположены так, что они образуют ограждение вокруг скважины и частного домена. Затем он может взять воду из колодца и поместить ее туда, и полностью ввести своего зверя или его голову и большую часть его тела и воды]—четыре диоамудина, дающие вид восьми (доски). [«диоамудин» - «два амудина» (доски), каждая из этих четырех (угловых) дает вид двух досок («дио», по-гречески «две»). Когда он вонзает один из угловых элементов в юго-западный угол, одна стена простирается на восток, а другая на север; второй в северо-западном углу—одна стена на восток, а другая на юг. Так что, когда он размещает все четыре на всех четырех сторонах, у каждой стороны есть два локтя стены, локтя лицом к локтю и промежутком между ними.] Это слова Р. Иегуды. Р. Меир говорит: восемь (доски), давая вид двенадцати—четыре диамудина и четыре простые доски, (каждая доска) высотой десять тефахим, шириной шесть тефахимов (= 1 локт), любой толщины, а между ними расстояние между двумя командами (ревакот) из трех (голов) крупного рогатого скота. Это слова Р. Меира. [(«четыре простые доски» :) по одной локтевой доске с каждой стороны посередине. Когда между этими четырьмя угловыми элементами имеется десять локтей или меньше, Р. Меир соглашается, что простые доски не нужны. И когда между ними более 13 с половиной локтей, Р. Иегуда соглашается, что требуются простые доски. Они различаются только (в отношении расстояния) от десяти до тринадцати и третьего локтя, Р. Меир требует простых досок и Р. Иегуда не требует их. Галаха соответствует Р. Иегуде. («два ревакота из трех (голов) крупного рогатого скота» :) Для ширины каждого (головы) крупного рогатого скота составляет одна и две трети локтя—так что ширина шести (голов) крупного рогатого скота составляет десять локтей, это допустимое расстояние между одной доской и другой по Р. Мейру, большее расстояние, требующее добавления простых досок. («Ревакот:») как в (1 Царств 28:24): «Эгель (теленок) Марбек».] Р. Иегуда говорит: (Две команды) из четырех (голов) крупного рогатого скота [тринадцать и третий локтей], связанный и несвободный [чтобы не думать, что «как будто привязанный», но не буквально «связанный», предназначен, он заявлен «и не свободный»— для большей строгости, чтобы уменьшить расстояние между ними], одна [команда] входит, а другая уходит, [в этом случае больше места, чем для двух выходящих или двух входящих — для большей мягкости требуется меньшее сужение.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
עושים פסין לביראות – [watering stations (especially in the land of Israel for Temple pilgrims)] that are in the public domain because these watering stations/wells are the private domain, for they are deep ten [handbreadths] and one cannot fill up from them and take it out in to the public domain and they make boards that will make [an empty space] around the cistern which is the private domain and he will fill up and take out and leave there, and his animal can go in completely, or its head and most of its body and gave it to drink.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
Introduction
A well ten handbreadths deep which is found in the public domain is considered to be a private domain, and hence one is not allowed to draw water from the well on Shabbat. Our mishnah teaches that the rabbis allowed people to make a special arrangement around the well so that they could draw water from the well on Shabbat.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
דיומדין – two pillars where each pillar from these four appears as two. "דיו" in the Greek language is “two.” But when one inserts the pillars that is made like two for the southwestern corner, it is found that one wall inclines towards the east, and one wall to the north and the second to the northwestern corner leans one side to the east and the other side to the south, and when you place all four of them in the four corners, it is found that direction is two cubits – one wall corresponding to a cubit and the space between them.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
They may make posts for wells, [by setting up] four corner-pieces that have the appearance of eight [single posts], the words of Rabbi Judah. Rabbi Meir says: eight that have the appearance of twelve, four corner-pieces and four single [posts]. The rabbis said that around the well they could set up a pseudo-fence, one which would prevent the area from being a public domain but still allow easy access. According to Rabbi Judah, this is done by setting up corner-posts at each of four corners. Each corner post would have two pieces of wood set at a right angle so that it would look as if there were four walls. Rabbi Meir says that it is not sufficient for there to be four corner-posts. There must also be four single pieces around each side. These form pseudo-walls which give the structure more of an appearance of a fenced in area.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
וארבעה פשוטים – in the middle, he places in each direction a board that is a cubit wide, and at the time when there isn’t between each board from these four corner-pieces made of rectangularly joined or of a block dug out In the shape of a trough, four of which corner-pieces form, in legal fiction, an enclosure of wells (see Talmud Eruvin 19a), but rather ten cubs or less, Rabbi Meir admits that there is no need for these plain boards, but if there is more than thirteen and one-third cubits between them, Rabbi Yehuda admits that they need plain boards; they do not dispute other than from ten until thirteen and one-third cubits as Rabbi Meir states that they require plain boards and Rabbi Yehuda states that they don’t, and the Halakha is according to Rabbi Yehuda.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
Their height must be ten handbreadths, their width six, and their thickness [may be] of any size whatsoever. The height of the posts must be ten handbreadths in order for them to constitute a separate domain. Their width must be six handbreaths, which makes a cubit. There thickness is not important.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
שתי רבקות של שלש שלש בקר – for the width of each cattle is two cubits minus one-third, it is found that that the width of six cattle is ten cubits and that is the space that one can place between each and every board, according to Rabbi Meir. But if the width is greater than this, he needs to increase the number of plain boards.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
Between them [there may be] as much [space as to admit] two teams of three oxen each, the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Judah says: [two teams] of four [oxen each] . [These teams being] tied together and not untied, [enough for] one to enter while the other goes out. In between the posts they can leave room for cattle to come in and out and drink from water drawn from the well. It was necessary for the cattle to come into the area because it was forbidden to take the water out from the area and bring it into the public domain. Again, the sages debate how much space may be left between the posts. According to Rabbi Meir, they may leave enough room for two teams of three cattle to enter and exit. In the Talmud it is explained that each cow is a cubit and two-thirds thick, making a total of 10 cubits. Rabbi Judah is again more lenient and allows a gap large enough for two teams of four cows, which adds up to 13 1/3 cubits. The end of the mishnah notes that these teams of cattle are to be tied to each other, and not walking separately. When they are untied the distance between them is even greater. Furthermore, the reference is not to two teams entering simultaneously, but rather to one team coming in and one going out. This is slightly larger than two teams of cattle going in the same direction.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
רבקות – from the language (I Samuel 28:24): “[The woman had] a stall-fed calf [in the house].”
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
ר"י אומר של ארבע ארבע – they are thirteen and one-third cubits.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
קשורות אבל לא מותרות – that you should not say that they are sort of tied and not actually tied, for that reason it was taught in the Mishnah, “"אבל לא מותרות/but not slack or loosely to be stringent and to reduce the space that is between them.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
אחת נכנסת ואחת יוצאה – one team of cattle entering and one team leaving and there is greater width than if both of them would have been going out or both of them leaving and this is a leniency since we don’t require to be so squeezed in.
