Четыре сомнения (т.е. в четырех случаях сомнения): —Р. Иегошуа правит тамей, а мудрецы правят тахором. Как так? Тамей стоит [под шатром или под деревом], а тахор проходит [таким образом. Существует сомнение относительно того, коснулся ли он или нет; или же дерево "шаталось" над ними обоими и тахор стал тамей—Это одно сомнение.] Тахор стоит, и тамей проходит мимо. [Это второе сомнение.] Tumah (объект, который является tamei) в частном домене, и taharah в общественном достоянии, [как в случае магазина, который открыт для общественного достояния, и он сомневается как чтобы он вошел или нет]; или Тахара в частном владении и Тума в общественном достоянии, [два других сомнения]—Если есть сомнения относительно того, касался он или не трогал, шатался или не шатался, двигался (колеблется) или не двигался, Р. Иегошуа правит тамей, [считая, что, поскольку в этом сомнении участвует частный домен, он считается «сомнением тумы в частном владении», которым правят тамеи.] И мудрецы правят тахором, [считая, что, поскольку общественное достояние вовлечено в это сомнение, оно считается «сомнением тумы в общественном достоянии» "которым правит тахор. Галаха не соответствует Р. Иешуа.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot
הטמא עומד – the leper stands under the tent or under the tree.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Eduyot
Introduction
Mishnayoth seven and eight both list cases in which one Sage declares something pure and the other Sages declare it impure.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot
וטהור עובר – on the way there (i.e., to the tent or tree). It is doubtful if he came in contact or did not come in contact [with it] or if he was overshadowed by the tree or was overshadowed by both of them and both the pure became impure, and it is doubtful if he was not overshadowed and not defiled, this is one doubt or the pure one stood and the leper passed by, which is the second doubt.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Eduyot
Four cases of doubt Rabbi Joshua pronounces impure, and the Sages pronounce them pure. How is this so? If the impure person stands and the pure person passes by him; or if the pure person stands and the impure person passes by him; or if impurity is in the private domain and something pure is in the public domain; Or if something pure is in the private domain and something impure is in the public domain; If it is doubtful [in all of these case] whether one touched or did not touch the other, or if it is doubtful whether one formed a tent over the other or did not form a tent over the other, or if it is doubtful whether one moved or did not move the other Rabbi Joshua pronounces such a case impure, and the Sages pronounce it pure. In this mishnah are listed four situations in which there is a doubt whether or not the pure person was touched by the impure person, or one of them formed a tent over the other (which would cause impurity to be transmitted, even without contact) or one of them moved the other (which would also transmit impurity, even without contact). In all of these situations Rabbi Joshua rules that the previously pure person is now impure, whereas the Sages hold that he is still pure. The cases are: i + ii) A case where one of the people is moving and one is stationary. In this case Rabbi Joshua pronounces the person impure due to the general rule that doubtful cases of impurity which occur in the private domain are ruled impure. The Sages say that he is pure. Although there is a general rule that doubtful cases of impurity that occur in the private domain are ruled impure, this is true only when the pure and the impure are either both moving or both stationary. If their status is different, then the rule is not applicable. iii + iv) The pure and impure are in different domains, one in the public domain and one in the private domain. According to Rabbi Joshua, since at least one of the two is in the private domain, he is impure, due to the above mentioned rule. According to the Sages, since one is in the public domain, the rule that doubtful cases of impurity in the private domain does not apply.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot
טומאה ברשות היחיד וטהרה ברשות הרבים – such as a store open to the public domain, it is doubtful if he entered and it is doubtful if he did not enter.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot
או שטהרה ברשות היחיד והטומאה ברשות הרבים – these are two other doubtful cases.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot
רבי יהושע מטמא – as he holds that since the private domain is combined/joint in the doubtfulness of this defilement, this is a doubtful defilement in the private domain and its doubtfulness is defiled.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot
וחכמים מטהרים – for they hold that since a doubtful defilement in the public domain is combined in it, this is doubtful defilement in the public domain and its doubtfulness is pure. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yehoshua.
