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שְׁלֹשָׁה דְבָרִים אָמַר רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל לִפְנֵי חֲכָמִים בַּכֶּרֶם בְּיַבְנֶה. עַל בֵּיצָה טְרוּפָה שֶׁהִיא נְתוּנָה עַל גַּבֵּי יָרָק שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה, שֶׁהִיא חִבּוּר. וְאִם הָיְתָה כְמִין כּוֹבַע, אֵינָהּ חִבּוּר. וְעַל שִׁבֹּלֶת שֶׁבַּקָּצִיר וְרֹאשָׁהּ מַגִּיעַ לַקָּמָה, אִם נִקְצְרָה עִם הַקָּמָה, הֲרֵי הִיא שֶׁל בַּעַל הַבַּיִת, וְאִם לָאו, הֲרֵי הִיא שֶׁל עֲנִיִּים. וְעַל גִּנָּה קְטַנָּה שֶׁהִיא מֻקֶּפֶת עָרִיס, אִם יֶשׁ בָּהּ כִּמְלֹא בוֹצֵר וְסַלּוֹ מִכָּאן וּמְלֹא בוֹצֵר וְסַלּוֹ מִכָּאן, תִּזָּרֵעַ. וְאִם לָאו, לֹא תִזָּרֵעַ:
Р. Ишмаэль сказал перед мудрецами в Керем-Беявнехе три вещи [Мудрецы сидели рядами, как виноградник (керем), посаженный рядом на ряду лоз]: (Он сказал) о яичнице [в горшке, белом будучи смешанным с ярмом], помещенным поверх зелени терумы, это считается чиббур («соединение»). [то есть, если tevul yom касается яйца, даже если это хуллин (то есть не terumah), terumah не получает с яйцом, и tevul yom не делает недействительным chullin, тем не менее, оно считается «чиббур» (соединение яйцо с зеленым) и зеленый признается недействительным, как если бы он прикоснулся к нему.] И если бы он был как купол [то есть, если яйцо «распухло» и стало как купол над зеленым (между ним и ничем не вмешивалось) зеленый)], это не чиббур.
Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot
בכרם – that the Sages would sit row by row in this vineyard that that was planted with row after row of vines.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eduyot
Introduction
Mishnah four contains three testimonies of Rabbi Yishmael, which he gave in front of the other Sages in Yavneh. As I stated in the introduction to Eduyoth, this is where the Sages gathered after the destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot
על ביצה טרופה – that the white of the egg was mixed with the yolk of the egg together and placed on top of the vegetable and the one who has bathed but must wait for sunset to be perfectly clean had come in contact with egg, and even though it is non-sacred, for the Terumah does not belong with the egg. But a person who has bathed but must wait for sunset to be perfectly clean does not defile something non-sacred; even so, there is a combination and the vegetable is defiled as it through contact with it.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eduyot
Rabbi Yishmael declared three things before the Sages in the vineyard at Yavneh: Concerning an egg which was beaten together, and placed on vegetables of terumah that it acts as a connection; but if it was in the form of a helmet it does not act as a connection. In the situation in this section a mixed egg is on top of a vegetable which is terumah (only eaten by priests). If a tevul yom, one who was been in the mikveh (bath of ritual purity), and who is considered to carry second degree impurity (see above mishnah one) touches the mixed egg it is as if he also touched the vegetable, and he conveys third degree impurity to the vegetable. In other words, the egg is part of the vegetable and touching the egg counts as touching the vegetable. Since third degree impurity makes terumah impure, the vegetable is impure. If however the egg has been cooked and rose to form a type of covering over the vegetable, it does not connect the tevul yom with the vegetable and the vegetable remains pure. In other words the central question asked is: does touching the egg make the vegetable impure.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot
אם היה כמין כובע – the egg was blown up and became like a cap over the vegetable and there is its empty space underneath it.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eduyot
And concerning an ear of corn in the harvesting, the top of which reached the standing corn that if it can be reaped together with the standing corn, it belongs to the owner; and if not, it belongs to the poor. When a farmer is harvesting his wheat, if he forgets a stalk he may not go back and reap it. Rather he must leave it for the poor (see Deuteronomy 24:19). Rabbi Yishmael defines what is a forgotten stalk. If a person leaves a stalk and it is close enough to another stalk at which he has not yet arrived, that if he were to bend the first stalk it could touch the other stalk, then it is not considered to have been forgotten and he may reap it. If it is not close enough to bend it and touch the other stalk, it is considered forgotten and he must leave it for the poor.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot
שבולת שבקציר – one ear of grain was left over in its harvest that had not been harvest, and the top of that ear of grain touches the standing corn.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eduyot
And concerning a small garden which was surrounded by a row of vines that if it has space for the grape-gatherer and his basket on one side, and space for the grape-gatherer and his basket on the other side, it may be sown with seed; but if not, it may not be sown with seed. According to Deuteronomy 22:9, it is forbidden to plant seeds in a vineyard. Rabbi Yishmael testifies that if a small garden surrounded by one row of grape vines is big enough on each of its sides for a grape-gatherer to stand there with his basket then he may plant the garden with seeds. In such a case the garden is large enough to be considered separate from the vineyard. If, however, the garden is smaller, then it is merely a bald patch inside a vineyard, and it is forbidden to plant there seeds.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot
אם נקצרה – if that ear of grain was cut with the standing corn, it belongs to the house owner, for the standing corn rescues it, and we do not call it, “you shall not go back to take it.”
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot
ואם לאו – it is considered “forgotten,” and it is for the poor.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot
עריס – five vines that are planted and suspended and lying on top of poles or on the fence called an espalier (of grape vines),from the language of (Psalms 132:3): “my bed.”
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot
אם יש בה כמלוא בוצר וסלו – if the garden is as large as the measure that when a grape gatherer stands with his basket when he brings the grapes into it when he is gathering the grapes from all the sides of the espalier.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot
תזרע – the garden, the seed should be distanced from the vines in order to work the vineyard which are six hand-breadths in all directions.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot
ואם לאו – the garden is not so large.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot
לא תזרע – and even though he distances in order to work the vineyard, because the seed appears with the vineyard as if they are mixed seeds.
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