Комментарий к Хулин 10:4
גֵּר שֶׁנִּתְגַּיֵּר וְהָיְתָה לוֹ פָרָה, נִשְׁחֲטָה עַד שֶׁלֹּא נִתְגַּיֵּר, פָּטוּר. מִשֶּׁנִּתְגַּיֵּר, חַיָּב. סָפֵק, פָּטוּר, שֶׁהַמּוֹצִיא מֵחֲבֵרוֹ עָלָיו הָרְאָיָה. אֵיזֶהוּ הַזְּרוֹעַ, מִן הַפֶּרֶק שֶׁל אַרְכֻּבָּה עַד כַּף שֶׁל יָד. וְהוּא שֶׁל נָזִיר. וּכְנֶגְדּוֹ בָרֶגֶל, שׁוֹק. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, שׁוֹק, מִן הַפֶּרֶק שֶׁל אַרְכֻּבָּה עַד סֹבֶךְ שֶׁל רָגֶל. אֵיזֶהוּ לְחִי, מִן הַפֶּרֶק שֶׁל לְחִי עַד פִּקָּה שֶׁל גַּרְגָּרֶת:
Если у прозелита была корова, которую он зарезал до того, как он принял иудаизм, он свободен от уплаты жертв, но не в том случае, если забой имел место после его обращения. В сомнительном случае он свободен, потому что ответственность за него лежит на том, кто несет ответственность. Каковы пределы плеча? От сгибания колена до бедренной кости: это также относится к плечу, упомянутому в жертвоприношении назорея, а также к задней ноге до бедра [в жертвах мира]. По словам Р. Иегуды, [пределы] ноги находятся от тазобедренного сустава до бедра. [Пределы] двух щек от их суставов до верхнего кольца трахеи.
Bartenura on Mishnah Chullin
מן הפרק של ארכובה (from the joint of the knee to the shoulder-blade of the forefoot) – which is sold with the head.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Chullin
A convert who converted and owned a cow: If he slaughtered it before he converted, he is exempt from giving the gifts. If [he slaughtered it] after he converted, he is liable. If there was a doubt about it, he is exempt, for the burden of proof lies upon the claimant. If the convert was not yet Jewish before his cow was slaughtered, he is exempt from the gifts. If, however, he converted and then slaughtered the cow, he must give the gifts. We can see that the critical time is when the animal was slaughtered. If there is a doubt whether the conversion occurred before the animal was slaughtered, then the priest must prove that the owner was Jewish before the slaughtering in order to be able to claim his gifts. This is based on the common legal principle that the burden of the proof is on the claimant.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Chullin
עד כף של יד (until the palm of the hand) – a wide bone of the shoulder that we call ASPALDONE. And they are two bones. The middle bone which is from the joint of the knee to the shoulder blade of the forefoot which is sold with the head until the place that is opposite in the known camel. And the upper bone that is attached to the body. And the right foreleg alone is what they give to the Kohen, as it is written (Deuteronomy 18:3): “[he] must give the shoulder, [the cheeks and the stomach] to the priest,”ץ the dexterous part of the forearm.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Chullin
What is ‘the shoulder’? From the joint up to the shoulder-socket of the forelimb, and this is the same for the nazirite. The end of chapter ten is concerned with identifying exactly what part of the animal constitutes the shoulder and cheeks. The mishnah does not discuss the identification of the stomach, perhaps because it is clear what constitutes the stomach. The shoulder is defined as the entire front right leg, except for the foot. The joint refers to the ankle. This is the same shoulder as referred to in connection with the Nazirite in Numbers 6:19, “And the priest shall take the cooked shoulder.”
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Bartenura on Mishnah Chullin
והוא של נזיר – meaning to say, and similarly (Numbers 6:19): “[The priest shall take] the shoulder [of the ram] when it has been boiled,” that is mentioned regarding the Nazir, such is taken
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English Explanation of Mishnah Chullin
The corresponding part of the hind leg is called the thigh. Rabbi Judah says: the thigh extends from the joint up to the fleshy part of the leg. The same part of the hind leg is given to the priest from the shelamim offering. See above, mishnah one. Rabbi Judah says that the “thigh” referred to in the Torah is really what we would call the lower leg. It does not include from the knee and upwards.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Chullin
וכנגדו ברגל שוק – that is stated regarding the offering of well-being–peace offering – these are two bones from the joint of the knee to the shoulder blade of the forefoot until the thickest part of the flank (i.e., the thigh, hip) which is all of the thigh.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Chullin
What counts as ‘the cheek? From the joint of the jaw to the last protrusion of the windpipe. The “cheeks” go from the lower cheeks until the first joint of the windpipe.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Chullin
סובך של רגל (the fleshy part of the leg–calf) – that is the joint that is between the thigh-bone and the middle bone. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yehuda.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Chullin
הפרק של לחי – near the temples and cuts it towards downward.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Chullin
עד פיקח של גרגרת (protruding thyroid cartilage) – until the thyroid cartilage–Adam’s Apple which is the upper ring and the opening of the windpipe which is the lower jaw with the tongue. Another explanation: thyroid cartrilage is a large ring of the windpipe that is made round like a protruding cartilage, and the protruding cartilage is round like a ball and within it is a hole hat the women insert in the spindle to make it heavy when they spin with it.
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