Комментарий к Хулин 1:5
כָּשֵׁר בַּתּוֹרִין, פָּסוּל בִּבְנֵי יוֹנָה. כָּשֵׁר בִּבְנֵי יוֹנָה, פָּסוּל בַּתּוֹרִין. תְּחִלַּת הַצִּהוּב, בָּזֶה וּבָזֶה פָּסוּל:
То, что делает горлиц правильными жертвами, делает молодых голубей неподходящими, и хотя они действительны как молодые голуби, их нельзя использовать в качестве жертв горлиц. Когда перья шеи любого вида начинают сиять и желтеть, они становятся негодными жертвами.
Bartenura on Mishnah Chullin
כשר בתורין פסול בבני יונה – that turtle-doves imply large but not small. Pigeons [refers to] small ones f brightening plumage (but not large ones. That we don’t dislocate the Biblical verse [from its natural flow] and write: “from the small turtle doves and from the doves, and since it is written [In the Bible] in all cases, “turtle doves and pigeons” we learn from this, it is to be an indispensable condition–absolute necessity.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Chullin
Introduction
Yesterday’s mishnah concluded by noting that the place on the neck where slaughtering is performed is exactly where nipping cannot be performed and vice versa.
The remainder of our chapter deals with other opposite types of situations. At first these deal with sacrificial issues, but then they move on to other issues as well.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Chullin
תחילת הציהוב – when it (speaking of either and–or both the turtle dove and the pigeon) is in the incipient stage of brightening plumage around its neck, both of them are invalid. The pigeons are invalid because of their large size and the turtle-dove because of its small size, since they have left the general category of being small, but to the category of “large,” they have not come. However, regarding, the smallest pigeons, when a wing is detached from them and bleeding does not occur, are invalid due to their tiny size.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Chullin
[The age] which qualifies turtle doves [for sacrifice] disqualifies pigeons, and [the age] which qualifies pigeons [for sacrifice] disqualifies turtle doves. Turtle doves are valid as sacrifices when they are older and pigeons when they are younger. There is no overlapping period when both are valid.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Chullin
At the period when the neck feathers begin to turn yellow in either kind they are disqualified. However, both are invalid when the neck feathers begin to turn yellow. When the young birds hit three months their feathers begin to fall off, first from the body and then from the neck and head. Once all of their baby feathers have fallen off, they get new adult feathers. The new feathers on the head are at first yellow in appearance. Once this yellowish color has appeared, the birds are no longer considered to be young, but they are not yet considered old. Therefore, neither turtle doves nor pigeons can be used at this in-between age.
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