Комментарий к Хала́ 2:5
הַמַּפְרִישׁ חַלָּתוֹ קֶמַח, אֵינָהּ חַלָּה, וְגָזֵל בְּיַד כֹּהֵן. הָעִסָּה עַצְמָהּ, חַיֶּבֶת בַּחַלָּה. וְהַקֶּמַח, אִם יֶשׁ בּוֹ כַשִּׁעוּר, חַיֶּבֶת בַּחַלָּה, וַאֲסוּרָה לְזָרִים, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, מַעֲשֶׂה וּקְפָשָׁהּ זָקֵן זָר. אָמַר לָהֶם, אַף הוּא קִלְקֵל לְעַצְמוֹ וְתִקֵּן לַאֲחֵרִים:
Если кто-то отделяет Халу, пока она является мукой, это не является действительной Халлой , и [если ее принимает Кохен ], это считается чем-то украденным в руке Кохена . Само тесто, однако, все еще обязано в Хале ; если есть достаточное количество муки, она подчиняется халу и запрещается не коханим , это слова раввина Иегошуа. [Мудрецы] говорят раввину Иегошуа: «Был случай [когда Халлу по ошибке дали]», и ученый, не являющийся коэном, воспользовался им. Раввин Иегошуа сказал им, что он тоже сделал что-то вредное для себя, хотя он помогал другим [кто будет думать, что это разрешено].
Bartenura on Mishnah Challah
אינו חלה – for it is written (Numbers 15:20): “as the first yield of our baking…”
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English Explanation of Mishnah Challah
Introduction
This mishnah deals with someone who separates his hallah before the flour has been mixed with water to become dough. The Torah says that you are supposed to give the first of “your dough” to the kohen, not the flour before it becomes dough. Our mishnah rules that the flour that he calls “hallah” does not actually become hallah.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Challah
וגזל ביד כהן – and he must return it to their owners, for if it remains in his hand, he would think that his dough is exempt.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Challah
If one separates his hallah [while it is still] flour, it is not hallah, and in the hand of a priest it is considered stolen property. As stated above, if he separates his hallah before he mixes it with water to become dough, that which he calls hallah does not have the status of hallah. Therefore, if he gives it to a kohen, the kohen must return it to him. If the kohen does not return it, it is as it is a stolen thing in the kohen’s possession.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Challah
העיסה עצמה – that which he separated its Hallah as flour, is liable for Hallah.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Challah
The dough is still subject to hallah; The dough made from the remaining flour is still subject to hallah, because the hallah that he did take out does not count.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Challah
והקמח – that comes into the hand of the Kohen with the designation of Hallah.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Challah
And the flour, if there is the minimum quantity, it [also is] subject to hallah. The flour that he took out and called hallah, if there is a minimum amount (1 ¼ kavs) then hallah must be taken from this dough as well.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Challah
אם יש בו כשיעור – five-fourths of flour which is liable for Hallah.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Challah
And it is prohibited to non-priests, the words of Rabbi Joshua. Despite the fact that this flour does not have the status of hallah, Rabbi Joshua says that it is prohibited to non-priests. According to Rabbi Joshua, since he called it hallah, it can only be eaten by priests, even though it is not actually hallah.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Challah
ואסורה לזרים – all the flour that comes in to the hand of the Kohen, and this is a mere stringency, because they saw that it comes into the land of a Kohen, that they won’t say that we saw a foreigner eating Hallot.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Challah
They said to him: It happened that a non-priest sage seized it [for himself]. The other sages respond that it happened that a non-priest who was a sage grabbed a loaf made from this flour in order to eat it. This proves, to the sages, that this flour is permitted to non-priests.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Challah
וקפשה זקן זר – an old man who is a foreigner snatched it and ate it.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Challah
He said to them: He did something damaging to himself, but he benefited others. Rabbi Joshua responds that what the sage did was indeed forbidden. But in a roundabout way, he helped others. Other non-priests will now eat this bread thinking that it is permitted to them as well. Since they don’t know that it is actually prohibited, they are not considered to be sinning. So it turns out that this sage knowingly erred, in order to aid others. While this is a strange concept, we should remember that the only reason that Rabbi Joshua considers this bread prohibited to non-priests is that he called it hallah it is not actually hallah. The transgression of a non-priest eating it is certainly not from the Torah.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Challah
קלקל לעצמו – that he ate it and was punished.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Challah
ותיקן לאחרים – that others eat and leave it in doubt, for they find an opening to permit, since they saw that he ate it.
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