Комментарий к Бикури́м 3:1
כֵּיצַד מַפְרִישִׁין הַבִּכּוּרִים. יוֹרֵד אָדָם בְּתוֹךְ שָׂדֵהוּ וְרוֹאֶה תְּאֵנָה שֶׁבִּכְּרָה, אֶשְׁכּוֹל שֶׁבִּכֵּר, רִמּוֹן שֶׁבִּכֵּר, קוֹשְׁרוֹ בְגֶמִי, וְאוֹמֵר, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ בִּכּוּרִים. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, אַף עַל פִּי כֵן חוֹזֵר וְקוֹרֵא אוֹתָם בִּכּוּרִים מֵאַחַר שֶׁיִּתָּלְשׁוּ מִן הַקַּרְקָע:
Как определить Биккурим [первые плоды, которые нужно принести в Храм в Иерусалиме и дать Коэну ]? Человек идет к своему полю и видит дату, которая приносит фрукты, гроздь [винограда], которая приносит фрукты, или гранат, который приносит фрукты, и связывает его веревкой и говорит: «Вот, это Биккурим ». Раввин Шимон говорит, что, несмотря на это, он повторяет и объявляет их Биккурим, как только они были подняты с земли.
Bartenura on Mishnah Bikkurim
כיצד מפרישין – שבכרה – And even if the fruit was not fully developed, as it is written (Deuteronomy 26:20): “[Wherefore] I now bring the first fruits [of the soil which You, O LORD have given me].” At the time that he brings it, it is fruit, but at the time that he separates it [for the First Fruits], it does not have to be [fully-formed] fruit, but even was half-ripe or unripe.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bikkurim
Introduction
Chapter three discusses how bikkurim were set aside and then it goes on to describe the festive ceremony of the bringing of the bikkurim to the Temple in Jerusalem.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bikkurim
הרי אלו בכורים – and it is not necessary to call it by another name after it has been harvested.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bikkurim
How does one set aside bikkurim? A man goes down into his field, he sees a fig that ripened, or a cluster of grapes that ripened, or a pomegranate that ripened, he ties a reed-rope around it and says: “Let these be bikkurim.” Unlike most agricultural gifts, such as terumah and maaser, that are designated as such only once they have been plucked from the soil, bikkurim are set aside as soon as they begin to ripen, while they are still attached to the ground. In order to remember which fruits he designated as bikkurim, he ties a rope around them. When he harvests the figs, grapes or pomegranates, he need not designate them again as bikkurim.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bikkurim
ר' שמעון אומר: אעפ"כ, חוזר וקורא שם – For he [i.e., Rabbi Shimon] expounds on the verse (Deuteronomy 26:2): “you shall take some of every first fruit of the soil.” Just as at the time when he brings the fruit, so too when at the time when he separates the fruit [he has to recite the First Fruits formula}. But at the time when calls them by name, the fruit have to be separated from the soil, just as they are when he brings them [to the altar of God]. But the Halakha does not follow the opinion of Rabbi Shimon.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bikkurim
Rabbi Shimon says: even so, he must again designate them as bikkurim after they have been plucked from the soil. Rabbi Shimon holds that even though he designated them as bikkurim while they were still attached to the ground, he must designate them again as bikkurim when he harvests them.
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