Комментарий к Бехорот 6:6
אֵין לוֹ בֵיצִים, (אוֹ) אֵין לוֹ אֶלָּא בֵּיצָה אֶחָת. רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל אוֹמֵר, אִם יֵשׁ לוֹ שְׁנֵי כִיסִין, יֵשׁ לוֹ שְׁתֵּי בֵיצִים. אֵין לוֹ אֶלָּא כִיס אֶחָד, אֵין לוֹ אֶלָּא בֵיצָה אֶחָת. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, מוֹשִׁיבוֹ עַל עַכּוּזוֹ וּמְמַעֵךְ, אִם יֵשׁ שָׁם בֵּיצָה, סוֹפָהּ לָצֵאת. מַעֲשֶׂה שֶׁמִּעֵךְ וְלֹא יָצָאת, וְנִשְׁחַט וְנִמְצֵאת דְּבוּקָה בַּכְּסָלִים, וְהִתִּיר רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא וְאָסַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן נוּרִי:
Если у него нет яичек, или если у него есть только один. Раввин Ишмаэль говорит: если у него два мешочка, то у него два яичка; если у него один мешочек, то у него только одно яичко. Рабби Акива говорит: [в последнем случае] нужно заставить его сесть на заднюю часть и сжать, если там есть яичко, оно выйдет. Однажды случилось так, что они сжали, а он не вышел, и они закололи его и обнаружили, что он прилип к флангу - рабби Акива разрешил [это], но рабби Йоханан запретил [это].
Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot
אין לו ביצים או אין לו אלא ביצה אחת – Our Mishnah is deficient and this is how it should be read (see Talmud Bekhorot 40a): It (i.e., the animal) doesn’t have two testicles in two sacks, but rather [only] in one sack; alternatively, two sacks and one testicle, behold this is a blemish.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bekhorot
Introduction
This mishnah continues to deal with blemishes to an animal’s genitalia.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot
ר' ישמעאל אומר אם יש לו שני כיסים – He is disputing the concluding clause, for the first Tanna/teacher states if it doesn’t have anything other than one testicle and two sacks, it is a blemish, but this is not the case, for whenever it has two sacks, it is certain that it has two testicles. But on the first clause, he admits/agrees that where it doesn’t have other than one sack, it is like someone that doesn’t have anything other than one testicle.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bekhorot
If [a first born] has no testicles or if it only has one testicle, [it is a blemish]. The lack of one or both testicles is considered a defect.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot
רבי עקיבא אומר- we certainly don’t say this, but rather, we have the reading, “he sets it on its buttocks and squeezes [its testicles]. And its example is found in the chapter [five of Tractate Eruvin 53b]: “How did they augment towns?” – is it (“sets it on its buttocks”) taught עכוזו (with an AYIN) or is it taught אכוזו (with an ALEPH)? [It is taught] עכוזו (i.e., with an AYIN) – they set the firstling on one rump/buttocks (though it could mean the genitals), for he has only one genital in two sacks.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bekhorot
Rabbi Ishmael says: if it has two pouches, then it has two testicles, but if it only has one pouch, then it only has one testicle. The remainder of the mishnah deals with how one determines if an animal has both testicles [since this is not a test that I have ever administered, I will assume that how many testicles an animal has is not readily apparent.] Rabbi Ishmael says that one simply counts the pouches. If it has two pouches, then it has two testicles and is not defective.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot
וממעך (dissolve by rubbing/crushing) – and feels the sack and the groin.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bekhorot
Rabbi Akiva says: [the animal] is placed on its buttocks and he squeezes [the pouch]. If a testicle is [in there, inside the pouch] it will eventually come out. Rabbi Akiva does not believe that if there are two pouches there are necessarily two testicles. Rather one must test the animal to see if there are really two inside there.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot
אם יש שם ביצה אחת סופה לצאת - but if it does not come out, it is a blemish.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bekhorot
It happened that one squeezed it and [the testicle] did not come out, but when it was slaughtered [the testicle] was found attached to the loins, and Rabbi Akiva permitted [the animal] while Rabbi Yohanan ben Nuri prohibited it. It seems that this story supports Rabbi Ishmael’s view, because Rabbi Akiva’s test does not work. The animal is tested and the testicle does not come out, even though it is later revealed to have been there. This animal had both testicles and therefore it should not have been slaughtered. Generally, if a first-born is slaughtered when it shouldn’t have been, the meat is prohibited. However, Rabbi Akiva allows the animal to be eaten, because according to Rabbi Akiva if the testicle does not emerge when squeezed it is blemished. Rabbi Yohanan ben Nuri prohibited the animal because it was not blemished and should not have been slaughtered.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot
והתיר רבי עקיבא – that it is a blemish, for he did not find it (i.e., the genital in its place when he crushed it/rubbed it and felt it and. And such is the Halakha.
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