Нельзя выкупить ни телёнка, ни животного, не подвергнутого перевариванию, ни убитого животного, ни трейфу [животное, которое не может прожить еще 12 месяцев], ни смешанного вида [то есть от родителей овец и коз], ни с кои [животное неоднозначного статуса, демонстрирующее характеристики диких и одомашненных животных]. Раввин Эльазар допускает [искупление] смешанным видом, потому что он все еще [считается] агнцем; Но он запрещает кои , потому что это сомнительный [статус]. Если кто-то дает осла священнику, священник не имеет права его хранить, пока [священник] не отделит для него ягненка.
Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot
ולא בחיה – a deer or a ram.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bekhorot
Introduction
This mishnah provides limits as to what type of animal can be used to redeem the first-born of a donkey.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot
ולא בשחוטה – a slaughtered young sheep/goat.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bekhorot
We do not redeem with a calf, a wild animal, an animal slaughtered, a terefah, kilayim (a mixed or a koy. The redemption must be done with a lamb, one born of a sheep or a goat. A calf, born of a cow or a wild animal cannot be used. The lamb must be alive when used to redeem the donkey. It cannot be either slaughtered or a terefah (died without being properly slaughtered). Kilayim is a mixed breed. Here it refers to an animal born of a mix between a sheep and a goat. According to the first opinion, a kilayim is not a lamb. A koy is an animal which the rabbis couldn’t identify as either a domesticated or a wild animal (see Hullin 6:1). Since its status is not known, it cannot be used to redeem the first-born donkey.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot
ולא בטריפה – as for example, that its feet were cut off from the knee and above.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bekhorot
Rabbi Eliezer permits [redemption] with kilayim because it is a lamb. But he forbids with a koy, because its nature is doubtful. Rabbi Eliezer disagrees with regard to the kilayim. Since both a sheep and a goat have offspring that are called “lambs (seh)” this animal can be used. He agrees, however, that a koy cannot be used.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot
כלאים – a he-goat that comes upon a ewe.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bekhorot
If he gave [the first-born of a donkey] itself to the priest, the latter may not keep it, until he sets aside a lamb in its place. He cannot simply give the first-born donkey to the priest. If he does so, the priest must return it to him, until the Israelite sets aside a lamb to redeem the donkey. At this point, the priest may keep the donkey, if the Israelite wants him to have it.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot
מפני שהוא שה – whether a ewe or whether a goat, they are called a young goat/young sheep. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Eliezer.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot
כוי – it is a creature of its own, doubtfully wildlife and doubtfully an animal.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot
נתנו לכהן- the actual first-born donkey.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot
עד שיפריש שה תחתיו- and this for himself. But afterwards he can use the first-born donkey. But because the Kohanim were suspected in this matter of not separating a young sheep in its place, therefore, an Israelite who gives a first-born donkey to a Kohen does not move from there until the Kohen redeems it in his presence.
