Можно выпустить фрукты через арубу (отверстие) в йом тов, но не в субботу. [Они позволили тому, у кого на крыше были фрукты или продукты для сушки, кто видел, как идет дождь, проявить себя и бросить их на землю (в своем доме) через отверстие в его крыше, что не повлекло за собой больших усилий. И это только с проемом, куда нужно просто уронить плод, но с окном (как с крышей, окруженной стеной с окном в нем), где он должен поднять плод к окну и затем уронить его—Раввины не допускали столько усилий.] И фрукты могут быть покрыты сосудами (чтобы защитить их) от капель [на крыше. И мы не считаем это усилием, которое не требуется для йом тов, раввины разрешили это из-за финансовых потерь.] То же самое относится к кувшинам вина и кувшинам нефти [т.е. они могут быть покрыты (чтобы защитить их) от капельницы.] И сосуд может быть помещен под капельницей в Субботу [для сбора воды, чтобы дом не был загрязнен. И если сосуд наполняется, ему не нужно стесняться выливать его и повторять процесс.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Beitzah
משילין פירות דרך ארובה – whomever has fruit or produce spread out on his roof to dry out, and he saw rain coming slowly, they permitted him to go to the trouble and to cast them through an aperture in the roof, and they fall to the ground, for there is no excess trouble, and specifically an aperture, for every aperture is from above to below [in the ceiling of the roof] but a window, such as a roof that is surrounded by partitions and window I in the wall, and one must raise it up to the window to cast it, all of this the Rabbis did not permit and to be painstaking.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Beitzah
Introduction
This mishnah continues to deal with laws concerning fruit set out to dry and things that one may and may not do with this fruit on Yom Tov.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Beitzah
ומכסין את הפירות – but we don’t say that it is toil that is not for the needs of the Festival day, but because of the loss of money, the Rabbis permitted it.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Beitzah
One may let down fruit through a trap-door on Yom Tov but not on Shabbat. This section deals with a person who has put his fruit up onto his roof to dry out on Yom Tov and then he sees that it is going to rain. The mishnah allows him to drop the fruit down through a trap-door in the roof because this is not considered to be a lot of work. He would not be allowed to take them down through a window or through the door because this is a greater amount of work. Furthermore, they only allowed this on Yom Tov on Shabbat it was prohibited.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Beitzah
דלף – rain that drips from the roof.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Beitzah
And one may cover up fruit with vessels on account of the rain, and likewise jars of wine and jars of oil. One also may cover up fruit, jars of wine and jars of oil if rain is leaking down on them. Covering up fruit or bringing it into the house so it doesn’t get wet are activities done not in order to eat the fruit on Yom Tov, but they are nevertheless permitted in order to prevent the financial loss.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Beitzah
וכן כדי יין וכדי שמן – that cover them because of the drippings [from the roof].
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English Explanation of Mishnah Beitzah
And one may place a vessel beneath the drops of rain [even] on Shabbat. On Shabbat one can even put a vessel underneath drops of rain coming down from a leaky roof.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Beitzah
תחת הדלף – to receive the water so that it should not soil the house. But if the utensil became filled, he pours it out and repeats it and is not prevented [from doing so].
