Talmud sobre Yadaim 3:10

“For heave, if one of his hands became impure the other remains pure.” “To make sancta impure, the words of Rebbi. Rebbi Yose ben Rebbi Jehudah says, to disqualify sancta.¹¹⁵Tosephta 3:10; Babli 24a. The text of the Tosephta is: A person who immerses one hand and prepares food in purity, any food prepared until he immerses the other hand is impure since one hand makes the other impure to make sancta impure …” The Tosephta implies that if one hand is impure, in preparation of sancta the other is impure in the second degree for Rebbi, in the third for R. Yose ben R. Jehudah.” How? Following Rebbi Joshua? As we have stated there¹¹⁶Mishnah Yadaim 3:2., “anything which disqualifies heave makes hands impure in the second degree, and one hand makes the other one impure, the words of Rebbi Joshua.” And Rebbi Joshua says more than Rebbi, since what Rebbi said refers to sancta, but Rebbi Joshua refers to heave¹¹⁷Therefore the Mishnah here which treats heave (disqualified by second degree impurity) more leniently than sancta (disqualified by third degree impurity) cannot be R. Joshua’s..

Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish said, they only stated “the other”, not a stranger’s¹¹⁸This refers to the statement that for sancta both hands have to be washed since otherwise one impure hand causes the other hand also to be impure. The problem is whether the other hand, which was not exposed to impurity, is impure in the second degree as impure hand, or of the third as derivative of second degree impurity. R. Simeon ben Laqish holds that it is impure in the third degree, R. Joḥanan that it is second.. Rebbi Joḥanan said, even a stranger’s. Rebbi Jeremiah, Rebbi Immi in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan, even a loaf. They said, Rebbi Joḥanan retracted this; when he said so it was before he changed his mind. He only said to make a loaf impure, because of “anything which disqualifies heave makes hands impure in the second degree.” Therefore to make a loaf impure everybody agrees that it does not make impure¹¹⁹For anything but the other hand of the person one follows the rule that induced impurity is one degree more than the inducing one. Therefore the second hand may disqualify a loaf of sancta but cannot possibly make it impure., since “no second degree creates second degree.¹¹⁶Mishnah Yadaim 3:2.”

HALAKHAH: Is hand-washing required for profane food¹⁶²This is a discussion of impurity imparted by unwashed hands. The basic observation is that an impure person or object which touches anything susceptible to impurity imparts impurity of one degree lower. (However, the majority opinion is that fluids do not touch but merge, and therefore transmit impurity of the same degree as the acting material.) There are three stages of biblical impurity, “grandfather of impurity”, a corpse or a house in which there is a corpse, “original impurity”, anything touched by a corpse or (with a few exceptions) found in a house containing a corpse, and any other impurity described in the Torah, and “impurity in the first degree”, biblically imparted by contact with original impurity or rabbinically by contact with any impure fluid. The other stages are rabbinical; persons or food impure in stage n by touch impart impurity of stage n+1. The technical term is “impure” for anything able to impart impurity and “disqualified” for matters unusable because of impurity but not imparting impurity to others. Profane food may be impure in stage 1, it becomes disqualified (cannot be dedicated for any sacred use) in stage 2. Heave and Second Tithe (sacra not connected with the Temple) are impure in stages 1,2 and disqualified in stage 3. Temple sacra are impure in stages 1,2,3 and disqualified in stage 4.? But it must follow Rebbi Simeon ben Eleazar, since Rebbi Simeon ben Eleazar says, hand-washing is required for profane food. It is everybody’s opinion, so he should separate from heave¹⁶³Since unwashed hands rabbinically are considered impure in stage two, handling heave with unwashed hands disqualifies it.. Rebbi Simeon ben Eleazar stated in the name of Rebbi Meïr, hands are first degree impure for profane food and second degree impure for heave¹⁶⁴Touching with unwashed hands always disqualifies. Babli Ḥulin 33b; differently Tosephta Taharot 1:6.. Does Rebbi Simeon ben Eleazar follow Rebbi Aqiba, as we have stated there¹⁶⁵Mishnah Yadaim 3:1., “if somebody puts his hands into a leprous house¹⁶⁶As described in Lev. 14:33–54. Bodily entrance into the house causes biblical impurity (vv. 46,47), standing outside and reaching into the house only causes rabbinic impurity., his hands are impure in the first degree, the words of Rebbi Aqiba, but the Sages are saying, his hands are impure in the second degree”? There, it follows the rabbis; what is their reason here? Since you tell him that his hands are impure in the second degree, he will separate from heave. But did they not decide about them because of fluids; then they should be impure in the first degree¹⁶⁷Since unwashed hands touching any fluid make the fluid rabbinically impure in the first degree, it would be reasonable to consider unwashed hands as impure in the first degree.? It is an argument de minore ad majus. Since the Tevul Yom, which is a word from the Torah, only disqualifies¹⁶⁸An impure person can qualify to eat sancta by first immersing himself in a miqweh, to remove his impurity, and then waiting until sundown, when he becomes pure (Lev. 22:6–7). The intermediate stage, no longer impure but not yet pure, is called Tevul Yom, “immersed during daytime”. Since the verse prohibits him to consume sacred food it is inferred that he also may not handle it. Since he is no longer impure, his touch cannot make impure. It is inferred that his touch disqualifies., impure hands, which are from their words, not so much more? Another explanation: Did they not decide about hands only that he should separate from heave? Since you tell him that his hands are impure in the second degree, he will separate from heave.

²¹³A different version of the entire paragraph in Babli, 16a. Rebbi Jacob bar Idi in the name of Rebbi Joshua ben Levi: It happened that the Sages visited Rebbi Dosa ben Hyrkanos²¹⁴A contemporary of Rabban Joḥanan ben Zakkai, already old at the time of the destruction of the Temple. He was almost blind in his old age. to ask him about the daughter’s co-wife. They said to him, are you the one who permits co-wives? He said to them, what did you hear? Dosa ben Hyrkanos? They said to him, ben Hyrkanos. He said to them, my brother Jonathan is exceedingly sharpminded²¹⁵Interpretation of Rashi. and of the students of the House of Shammai. Be careful with him, he has three hundred arguments about the daughter’s co-wife. They went to him. He sent and wrote to him²¹⁶R. Dosa to Jonathan., be careful because the Sages of Israel will visit you. They came and he placed them before him. He lectured²¹⁷About his 300 reasons to permit the co-wives to the brothers. but they did not understand, repeatedly. They started to get drowsy. He said to them, why are you getting drowsy? He started pelting them with pebbles. But some people said, they entered in one door and left in three²¹⁸Defeated.. He sent to say to him²¹⁹Jonathan to Dosa., why did you send to me, the people want to learn and you said to me, these are the Sages of Israel? They came to him²²⁰R. Dosa. and said to him, what do you say in the matter? He said, on this stone²²¹A stone used to crush spices. sat the prophet Ḥaggai and testified to three things: On the daughter’s co-wife that she can be married into priesthood²²²Following the House of Hillel., on Ammon and Moab that they tithe for the poor in a Sabbatical year²²³Mishnah Yadayim 3:3., and on proselytes of Palmyra that they are acceptable to marry into the congregation²²⁴They are reputedly the children of Gentiles from Jewish women. The statement objects to the opinion (Halakhah 7:6) that the child of a Gentile and a Jewish woman, who certainly has to be counted as Jewish, is a bastard. It is known from the Babli that the soldiers of Odenathus of Palmyra in his campaigns in Babylonia abducted Jewish women for their own use.. He said, lift my eyelids so I can see the Sages of Israel. He saw Rebbi Joshua and said to him: “To whom will one teach knowledge²²⁵Is. 28:9. “To whom will one teach knowledge, to whom impart understanding, to those weaned from milk, removed from the breasts.” This determines the start of school for outstanding scholars at age 2. As usual, the part of the verse not quoted is the one intended.?” I remember that his mother brought his crib to the Synagogue that his ears should cling to the words of the Torah. [He saw] Rebbi Aqiba, and said to him: “Lion cubs will be poor and hungry²²⁶Ps. 34:11: “Lion cubs will be poor and hungry, but those who seek the Lord will not lack any good thing.” R. Aqiba at the outset was an ignorant seeker of the Lord..” I know of him that he is a man strong in Torah. He saw Rebbi Eleazar ben Azariah and said to him: “I was a youth but became an elder²²⁷Ps. 37:25. A pun is intended; זָקַנְתִּי “I grew old” is turned into “I was appointed as an elder” at age 16, cf. Berakhot 4:1, Note 118..” I know of him that he is the tenth generation from Ezra and their eyes are similar. Rebbi Ḥanina from Sepphoris said, Rebbi Tarphon also was with them and he addressed him as he did Rebbi Eleazar ben Azariah.

Text of the parallel Qiddušin4:1:
²³⁴A parallel to the paragraph in Babli Qiddušin 71b. The origin of the paragraph is in Qiddušin, the readings of the parallel from there seem to be slightly better. Since the canals of Antiquity all decayed after the Arab conquest, the names cannot be reconstructed. Rebbi Jacob bar Aḥa presented traditions: Rebbi Ḥanina and Rebbi Joshua ben Levi, one declares permissible and the other admits. He who declares permissible admits. But he who admits does not declare admissible²³⁵Anybody can become a proselyte. But only a person not descendent from Jews is sure not to be really Jewish and, according to the earlier opinion, a bastard. This problem is most urgent in Media, place of exile of the Ten Tribes, but also in Palmyra, part of Solomon’s empire.. Rebbi Yose ben Rebbi Abun in the name of Rebbi Naḥman bar Jacob: Babylonia, as far as family pedigree is concerned, extends up to the zrvq²³⁶In the Babli: עזק. canal. Rebbi Yose ben Rebbi Abun said, Rav and Samuel, one said up to the zrvq canal, the other said up to the Wani canal. Rav Jehudah said, between the rivers is like Nahardea²³⁷The place of exile of King Jojachin and the nobles of Jerusalem, usually called “exile”. The rivers are Euphrates and Tigris. as far as family pedigree is concerned. Rebbi Ḥanina ben Beroqa in the name of Rav Jehudah: The people of Mesene²³⁸The province of the confluence of Tigris and Euphrates. are questionable only because of doubts of desecrated women²³⁹Women desecrated by a forbidden union with Cohanim: Divorcees, harlots, and daughters of such marriages.. The Cohanim amongst them did not care about divorcees. There²⁴⁰In Babylonia. There seems to be a pun involved if מתה and מישא both are pronounced mēsā. Neubauer (La Géographie du Talmud, Paris 1868, p. 325) thinks that the pun about Media connects the name of Media with the root דוה “to be unwell”., they called Mesene dead, Media sick, Elam and gbby dying. The maritime district²⁴¹It might be “the Western district”, but the West of Babylonia is desert. Neubauer conjectures that it might be the lake region of upper Mesopotamia. Since the meaning and location is unknown, the places cannot be determined. Purple-blue is the most costly of colors. is the purple-blue of Babylonia. Šny’, gbby’, and ṣrry²⁴²In the Babli, Qiddušin 72b, שוניא גוביא, ציצורא. are purple-blue of the maritime district.