Talmud sobre Guittin 5:1

הַנִּזָּקִין שָׁמִין לָהֶם בְּעִדִּית וּבַעַל חוֹב בְּבֵינוֹנִית, וּכְתֻבַּת אִשָּׁה בְּזִבּוּרִית. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, אַף כְּתֻבַּת אִשָּׁה בְּבֵינוֹנִית:

Os danos são avaliados em relação à melhor qualidade (de grãos no campo) [Mesmo que seja mandatado pela Torá, viz. (Êxodo 22: 4): "O melhor do seu campo e o melhor da sua vinha ele pagará", este tanna sustenta que as Escrituras falam do melhor do campo do nizzak (aquele danificado); e por causa do "bem geral", os sábios declararam que o mazzik (o causador do dano) deveria pagar o melhor de sua propriedade, mesmo que seja melhor que o melhor do nizzak, para que os homens tenham cuidado para não causar dano.], e um credor (reivindicações) da qualidade média [Pois, de acordo com as Escrituras, ele afirma apenas da mais baixa qualidade, viz. (Deuteronômio 24:12): "E o homem que lhe é devedor trará a você a promessa do lado de fora", e é provável que um homem traga apenas o menos valioso de seus bens; mas, por causa do "bem geral", eles determinaram que um credor reivindicasse a qualidade intermediária, de modo que a porta não fosse trancada para empréstimos.] e o kethubah de uma mulher (é reivindicada) a mais baixa qualidade. [Pois "o fechamento da porta" não deve ser temido neste caso. "Pois mais do que um homem quer se casar, uma mulher quer se casar."] R. Meir diz: O kethubah de uma mulher também (é reivindicado) da qualidade média. [A halachá não está de acordo com R. Meir].

Jerusalem Talmud Bava Kamma

MISHNAH: The bull of an Israel which gored a bull of Temple property or the bull of Temple property which gored a bull of an Israel are not liable since it was said “his neighbor’s bull”³⁵Ex. 21:35., not a bull of Temple property.
The bull of an Israel which gored a bull of a non-Jew is not liable; the bull of a non-Jew which gored a bull of an Israel pays full damages, whether tame or notorious.

Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy

Jerusalem Talmud Bava Metzia

HALAKHAH: It is written about torts that the collection be from the best quality, as it is said: “his best field, etc.⁹³Ex. 22:4; Babli Giṭṭin 48b.” And it is written about a loan that the collection be from average quality, as it is said: “and the man to whom you are creditor, etc.^87,Deut. 24:11.⁹⁴The inference is explained later by R. Simai.” They inferred real estate from pledges⁹⁵Since Deut. 24:14 refers to a pledge of movables, it is not obvious that the same rule should be applied to the foreclosure of a mortgage.. Similarly, should not pledges be inferred from real estate⁹⁶If payment for torts is made by cash or movables, not in real estate, that only best quality would be acceptable. But any debt can be liquidated by money or money’s worth to avoid foreclosure.? ⁹⁷A parallel to the remainder of the paragraph is in Giṭṭin 5:1, Notes 30–32. Rebbi Simai explained: It is a word of the Torah that the court’s bailiff enter and collect from average quality. For if the creditor enter, he would bring out the best. And if the debtor enter, he would bring out the worst. But the court’s bailiff enters and collects from average quality. Rebbi Ismael stated: It is a word of the Torah that the debtor enter, as it is said: “and the man to whom you are creditor etc.⁹⁸Deut. 24:10–11: “If you are a creditor to your neighbor for anything, do not enter his house to take his pledge. Stand outside, and the man to whom you are creditor shall bring the pledge outside to you.” This clearly indicates that it is up to the debtor to determine what to give as pledge; the requirement that it be of medium quality is purely rabbinical for R. Ismael; in the words of the Babli “not to lock the door before borrowers” (Babli 113b). The obligation to stand outside extends to the bailiff (Sifry Deut. 276).
But R. Simai, and the Masoretes who follow him in their punctuation, read: “Stand outside, and the man, acting on behalf of the one to whom you are creditor, shall bring …” The man is the court’s employee.” Rebbi La said, it was stated there⁹⁹In Babylonia.: “to seize as pledge”, by the court. Outside the court, from where¹⁰⁰The court has to give authorization; it does not have to oversee the execution.? The verse¹⁰¹Ex. 22:25. says, “if to seize as pledge you seize as pledge.” If he took the pledge without authorization, he transgresses all these verses¹⁰²Tosephta 10:8: Ex. 22:25, Deut.24:10–13, for a total of five sins committed by one action.. Rebbi La said, he caused himself to transgress all these verses¹⁰³If he received the pledge through the court’s bailiff and did not return it, he still would transgress Ex.22:25 and Deut. 24:13, but not the other commandments..

Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy

Capítulo completo Próximo versículo