Mishnah
Mishnah

Quotation sobre Yadaim 4:7

אוֹמְרִים צְדוֹקִין, קוֹבְלִין אָנוּ עֲלֵיכֶם, פְּרוּשִׁים, שֶׁאַתֶּם מְטַהֲרִים אֶת הַנִּצּוֹק. אוֹמְרִים הַפְּרוּשִׁים, קוֹבְלִין אָנוּ עֲלֵיכֶם, צְדוֹקִים, שֶׁאַתֶּם מְטַהֲרִים אֶת אַמַּת הַמַּיִם הַבָּאָה מִבֵּית הַקְּבָרוֹת. אוֹמְרִים צְדוֹקִין, קוֹבְלִין אָנוּ עֲלֵיכֶם, פְּרוּשִׁים, שֶׁאַתֶּם אוֹמְרִים, שׁוֹרִי וַחֲמוֹרִי שֶׁהִזִּיקוּ, חַיָּבִין. וְעַבְדִּי וַאֲמָתִי שֶׁהִזִּיקוּ, פְּטוּרִין. מָה אִם שׁוֹרִי וַחֲמוֹרִי, שֶׁאֵינִי חַיָּב בָּהֶם מִצְוֹת, הֲרֵי אֲנִי חַיָּב בְּנִזְקָן. עַבְדִּי וַאֲמָתִי, שֶׁאֲנִי חַיָּב בָּהֶן מִצְוֹת, אֵינוֹ דִין שֶׁאֱהֵא חַיָּב בְּנִזְקָן. אָמְרוּ לָהֶם, לֹא. אִם אֲמַרְתֶּם בְּשׁוֹרִי וַחֲמוֹרִי, שֶׁאֵין בָּהֶם דַּעַת, תֹּאמְרוּ בְּעַבְדִּי וּבַאֲמָתִי, שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהֶם דָּעַת. שֶׁאִם אַקְנִיטֵם, יֵלֵךְ וְיַדְלִיק גְּדִישׁוֹ שֶׁל אַחֵר וֶאֱהֵא חַיָּב לְשַׁלֵּם:

Os saduceus dizem: Nós os denunciamos, fariseus, pois vocês declaram puro o fluxo [que flui quando um líquido é derramado de um vaso limpo em um imundo]! Os fariseus dizem: Nós os denunciamos, saduceus, pois vocês declaram puro um canal de água que flui de um cemitério! Os saduceus dizem: Nós os denunciamos, fariseus, pois você diz que, se meu boi ou meu burro causarem algum dano, sou responsável [compensar], mas se meu servo ou serva causar algum dano, estou isento [de compensar]! Assim como em relação ao meu boi e meu burro, com os quais não sou obrigado a realizar nenhuma mitzvot, e por isso sou [ainda] responsável [por compensar] por danos, isso não ocorre em relação ao meu servo ou serva, com a quem eu sou obrigado a executar mitzvot, que eu deveria ser [compensado] por danos [que eles causam] ?! Eles [os fariseus] disseram a eles: "Não. Se [isto é, apenas porque] você declarou esta [lei] em relação ao meu boi ou meu burro, que não têm capacidade cognitiva, você diria isso em relação ao meu servo ou criada que tem capacidade cognitiva ?! " Pois [se esse salto lógico for feito], se eu ofender [um deles], ele poderá atear fogo na pilha de [grãos] de outro, e eu serei responsável por pagar pelos danos! "

Tosafot on Bava Kamma

It is similar to a slave or maidservant. Rashi explained that the exemption is taught by a Mishna later in Perek Hachovail that says that when a slave damages, his owner is not liable. Tosafot holds that the Mishna Rashi quotes is not the proper source of this ruling.
The source for this ruling in the Mishna is not as Rashi explained because we are taught in a Mishna in perek Hachovail (later 87a) that as far as a slave and a married woman are concerned, an encounter with them is terrible, for one must pay if he injures them and they do not have to pay if they injure anybody. For if it was so that our Gemara is referring to that Mishna, the Gemara should have mentioned ‘a slave and a married woman’, which would be a direct quotation of that Mishna. Since the Gemara does not mention ‘a slave and a married woman’, it seems that the Gemara is not referring to that Mishna.
Rather, Rabbeinu Tam explains that the Gemara mentioned a slave and a slave woman, because it is referring to a Mishna at the end of Masechet Yadayim (Chapter 4, Mishna 7) that specifically discusses this case of a slave and a slave woman who damage others. And the reason that they are exempt which is because their master may anger them and they will damage another person’s property in order to cause their master to pay that is soon mentioned in our Gemara is explicitly mentioned there in Masechet Yadayim, which also proves that our Gemara is referring to that Mishna.
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Mishnah Makhshirin

A flow pouring [from one vessel to another] is clean, except [the flow] of honey of ziphim bees and honey batter. Bet Shammai say: also [the flow of] thick pottage of split beans, because it thickens up backwards.
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