Comentário sobre Terumot 4:6
בִּשְׁלֹשָׁה פְרָקִים מְשַׁעֲרִים אֶת הַכַּלְכָּלָה, בַּבַּכּוּרוֹת, וּבַסְּיָפוֹת, וּבְאֶמְצַע הַקָּיִץ. הַמּוֹנֶה, מְשֻׁבָּח. וְהַמּוֹדֵד, מְשֻׁבָּח מִמֶּנּוּ. וְהַשּׁוֹקֵל, מְשֻׁבָּח מִשְּׁלָשְׁתָּן:
Em três ocasiões, eles medem o conteúdo da cesta [para determinar quanto Terumah deve ser dado]: No momento das primeiras frutas maduras, e das frutas do final do verão, e no meio do verão. Quem conta [o fruto] é louvável, e quem o mede é mais louvável que ele; e quem os pesa é o mais louvável dos três.
Bartenura on Mishnah Terumot
הכלכלה – the basket that they measure in it to separate the tithes and the Terumah of the tithe, for we don’t separate them other than by measurement, and by number and by weight, as it is taught in the Mishnah (see Tractate Terumot, Chapter 1, Mishnah 7), and don’t increase to tithe by estimations, but the Great Terumah – we do not separate it other than from estimation, as it is taught in the Mishnah above (Tractate Terumot 1;7).
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English Explanation of Mishnah Terumot
On three occasions they measure the contents of the basket: Three times a year a person should check the basket where he collects and stores his fruit, especially figs, to see how much he has gathered so that he will be able to know how much terumah to give. For instance, if he sees that the basket contains 100 figs, he will know to give about two figs.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Terumot
משערין את הכלכלה – [the calculate] to know what they will bring in from the produce.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Terumot
At the full time of the first ripe fruits, and of the late summer fruits, and in the middle of the summer. The three periods are: 1) the time when the fruits that ripen quickest have ripened. These fruits are largest and the basket won’t be able to contain very many of them. 2) The late summer fruits. These are smaller and the baskets can hold a larger quantity of them. 3) The middle of the summer, when there is a lot of fruit but they are of average size.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Terumot
בבכורות – at the time when the produce are in their ripening stage and are in their fullness and the basket includes less of them from what it holds of them at the end of the summer, when they begin to reduce in size and they are shriveled [and] thin (see Genesis 41:23).
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English Explanation of Mishnah Terumot
He who counts [the fruit] is praiseworthy, he who measures it is more praiseworthy, and he who weighs them is most praiseworthy of all. We learned in 1:7 that when one separates terumah, he does not separate them by measuring that which he takes out, but that he can separate from a pile of fruit that has been measured. Our mishnah teaches that there are three ways of finding out how much fruit is in the basket and that some ways are better than others. The first way is to simply count the fruit this is better than not measuring at all and is praiseworthy. The second way is to measure the container this is more praiseworthy. The final way is weigh the basket this is the most praiseworthy of all. I should emphasize that when he takes out the terumah, he is not supposed to count, measure or weigh that which he is separating. He is only supposed to do so to the entire basket of untithed produce.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Terumot
ובאמצע הקיץ – when they are ripened and are not shriveled, and the basket holds from the produce more than what it holds of them when they fully developed, but less than what hit holds of them at the end of the summer when they have become reduced in size. Therefore, we calculate at these three seasons/times.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Terumot
ובסייפות – produce that is at the end of the summer.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Terumot
המונה משובח – from the one who removes through estimation.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Terumot
והמודד משובח וכו' – and especially with tithes and the Terumah of the tithe, but not with the Great Terumah (i.e., that two percent which is given to the Kohen by Israelites), as we have explained.
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