Não se pode deixar o Terumah de uma espécie para outra espécie. E se ele deixar o Terumah de lado, o Terumah dele não é [válido] Terumah . Todas as espécies de trigo são [consideradas] uma [espécie]. Todas as espécies de figos, figos secos e figos prensados são uma, e uma pode separar Terumah de uma pela outra. Em qualquer lugar onde haja um Kohen [membro da casta sacerdotal], o Terumah deve ser separado das espécies mais refinadas. E em qualquer lugar onde não haja um Kohen , o Terumah deve ser separado das espécies mais duradouras. O rabino Yehudah disse que ele sempre deve separar os Terumah das espécies mais refinadas.
Bartenura on Mishnah Terumot
כל מין חטים אחד – and even though there is reddish, dark-colored wheat and white-colored [wheat].
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English Explanation of Mishnah Terumot
Introduction
This mishnah deals with the rule that one cannot give terumah from one kind of produce on behalf of another. The second half of the mishnah deals with giving the terumah to the priest.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Terumot
וכל מין תאנים אחד – and even though there are black [figs] and white [figs], figs while they are yet moist are called תאנים/figs, and when they have dried, they are called גרוגרות/dried figs, and when they are trodden in circular cake, they are called עגול דבלה/cake of pressed figs.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Terumot
They may not give terumah from one kind for another kind, and if he did give, the terumah is not terumah. One cannot give terumah from any species that is “kilayim” (mixed seed) with another species (we will see this in mishnah six, below). And if one does try to give terumah from one species on behalf of another that is kilayim with it, the terumah doesn’t count.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Terumot
תורם מן היפה – from the figs on the dried figs, for figs are choicest than dried figs (see also Tractate Bikkurim, Chapter 3, Mishnah 3).
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English Explanation of Mishnah Terumot
All kinds of wheat count as one. Different species of wheat, such as white wheat and red wheat all count as wheat and one can give terumah from one on behalf of the other.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Terumot
תורם מן המתקיים – from the dried figs on the figs, for dried figs endure more.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Terumot
All kinds of fresh figs, dried figs and fig cakes count as one, and he may take terumah from one for the other. Similarly, all kinds of figs can be used for terumah for other kinds of figs. This is because all of these kinds of figs have, at least potentially, finished their processing.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Terumot
לעולם הוא תורם מן היפה – as it is written (Numbers 18:30): “When you have removed the best part from it [you Levites may consider it the same as the yield of threshing floor or vat],” we always require the best/choicest part, and if he (i.e., the Kohen) loses, he loses. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yehuda.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Terumot
Wherever there is a priest, one must give terumah from the very best, and where there is no priest, one must give terumah from that which lasts longest. Rabbi Judah says: he should always give only from the very best. The mishnah now turns its attention to what kind of terumah one should optimally give to the priest. If the priest is right there when the person is separating the terumah, he should give him the best of the produce. If he is not right there, then he should give him the part of the produce that will last the longest. For instance, if he has fresh figs and dried figs, if the priest is right there he should give him the fresh figs, but if he is not around, he should give him the dried ones. Rabbi Judah says he should always give him the best of the produce and we are not concerned lest the produce goes bad.
