Comentário sobre Tahorot 9:7
רָצָה לִטֹּל מֵהֶן בַּד אֶחָד אוֹ שְׁנֵי בַדִּין, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, קוֹצֶה בְטֻמְאָה וּמְחַפֶּה בְטָהֳרָה. בֵּית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, אַף מְחַפֶּה בְטֻמְאָה. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, חוֹפֵר בְּקַרְדֻּמּוֹת שֶׁל מַתֶּכֶת וּמוֹלִיךְ לְבֵית הַבַּד בְּטֻמְאָה:
Se alguém pretende tirar uma prensagem ou duas prensagens [das azeitonas no tanque], Beit Shammai diz: ele pode cortar [as azeitonas para pressionar] na impureza [isto é, com mãos ou utensílios impuros, pois as azeitonas não são preparadas tornar-se impuro], mas ele deve cobri-las [as azeitonas restantes] em pureza. E Beit Hillel diz: ele pode até cobri-los em impureza. O rabino Yose diz: pode-se desenterrar [todas as azeitonas da cuba] com machados de metal e levá-las até a prensa de azeitona em impureza.
Bartenura on Mishnah Tahorot
רצה ליטול מהם בד אחד (If he wanted to take – enough from – them for a single pressing) – olives which had completed their work of preparation and they were not fit for Levitical uncleanness as for example, that it was his intention to purchase and to add upon them as is taught in the Mishnah at the beginning of our chapter (Mishnah 2), and he comes to take from them a small/minute measure that they place in the olive press on one occasion, or two presses and make [olive] oil from them, and leave from them a lot in the vat/pit where olives are packed until they form a viscid mass.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Tahorot
Introduction Our mishnah deals with a person who wants to take some olives that are in a condition that doesn't make them susceptible to impurity and bring them to the olive press to press them into oil. In other words, he has changed his mind about what to do with the olives. At first he didn't want them to sweat because he wasn't using them for oil, but now he changed his mind.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Tahorot
בית שמאי אומרים קוצה בטומאה (let him set them apart in a state of uncleanness)- he cuts off what he wants to cut off from the cluster of olives that are in the vat where the olives are packed until they form a viscid mass, a single pressing or two pressings in defilement, since they had not completed their work of preparation and were not fit for Levitical uncleanness.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Tahorot
If one wants to take from them [a quantity sufficient for] one pressing or for two pressings:
Bet Shammai says: he may scrape off [what he requires] in a condition of uncleanness, but he must cover up [what he takes] in a condition of cleanness. According to Bet Shammai when he goes to scrape off some of the olives he doesn't need to do so in a state of purity. Since the olives have not yet been made susceptible to impurity, they will not become impure even if he is impure. However, after he takes those olives out, they are immediately susceptible to impurity. Therefore, if he wishes to cover the olives so that they can be pressed he must do so in a state of purity, otherwise they will become impure. In other words, Bet Shammai holds that the sweat that they exuded previously now causes them to be susceptible.
Bet Shammai says: he may scrape off [what he requires] in a condition of uncleanness, but he must cover up [what he takes] in a condition of cleanness. According to Bet Shammai when he goes to scrape off some of the olives he doesn't need to do so in a state of purity. Since the olives have not yet been made susceptible to impurity, they will not become impure even if he is impure. However, after he takes those olives out, they are immediately susceptible to impurity. Therefore, if he wishes to cover the olives so that they can be pressed he must do so in a state of purity, otherwise they will become impure. In other words, Bet Shammai holds that the sweat that they exuded previously now causes them to be susceptible.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Tahorot
ומחפה בטהרה (and cover up in a state of ritual purity) – when he finished taking what he wanted to take, he covers the remainder that is in the vat in purity as if it was made fit for Levitical uncleanness, for his taking of what he takes is defrauded to consider the remainder as if he completed his work of preparation.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Tahorot
Bet Hillel says: he may also cover it up in a condition of uncleanness. Bet Hillel disagrees and holds that he can even cover them up in a state of uncleanness. The sweat they exuded before does not make them susceptible to impurity. However, Bet Hillel agrees that if he takes the entire lot of olives, he has changed their status and made them all susceptible to impurity. In this case, he will have to cover them in a state of purity.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Tahorot
אף מחפה בטומאה – for even that which remains is not fit to receive Levitical uncleanness, since their work of preparation had not been completed and it was his intention to add upon them. But however, if he uprooted all the olives that were in the vat in order to make them in the olive press, they were fit to receive Levitical uncleanness according to the House of Hillel.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Tahorot
Rabbi Yose says: he may also cover it up in a condition of uncleanness. Rabbi Yose rules even more leniently. He can even take metal axes and remove all of the olives that were set aside in a state in which they were not susceptible. They are still not susceptible to impurity.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Tahorot
ר' יוסי אומר חופר בקרדומות (Rabbi Yossi says he digs out with metal axes/hatchets) – and uproots all of the olives that are in the vat.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Tahorot
ומוליך לבית הבד בטומאה – because they are not fit to receive Levitical uncleanness, and it (i.e., the Mishnah’s) use of the word קרדומות, it is a noteworthy point because they are vessels of iron and they are prepared for the defilement through a corpse more than other vessels. And the Halakha is according to the School of Hillel.
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