Um oleiro que deixou suas panelas e desceu para beber, as panelas internas são puras, mas as externas [as que enfrentam a estrada ou o domínio público] são impuras. O rabino Yose diz: a quais casos isso se aplica? Aos não ligados; mas se eles estão amarrados, tudo é puro. Aquele que entrega sua chave [da casa] a um am ha'aretz [uma pessoa não instruída, supostamente impura], a casa é pura, porque ele apenas lhe entregou [os direitos de] guardar a chave .
Bartenura on Mishnah Tahorot
הקדר שהניח את קדרותיו (the potter who left his pots) – a person who sells pots who is a Haver/a member of the order for the observance of Levitical laws in daily intercourse, who left his pots in the public domain, and they would customarily place large stones or pegs on the sides of the public domain to distance the wagons so that the walls would not damage them, and since these pegs press/squeeze the public domain, and this person who left his pots near them also pressed the path more, and the passers-by rub themselves on it and their clothing passes over their airspace, and the clothing of those who are not careful in their observance of Levitical laws of ritual purity/the עם הארץ/commonfolk are impure and defile the outermost ones.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Tahorot
A potter who left his pots and went down to drink: the innermost pots remain clean but the outer ones are unclean. A potter who wished to preserve the purity of his pots, left them for a few moments in the public domain unguarded. When he returns he must regard the outer ones as defiled lest an am haaretz, a Jew who does not preserve his purity, touched them with his cloaks which are considered impure. Note that the am haaretz might have done so accidentally for when the potter left his pots in the public domain, the path became a bit narrower. However, the inner pots are pure.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Tahorot
במה דברים אמורים במותרות (under what circumstances – when they are untied)- when those who pass by and return shake them.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Tahorot
Rabbi Yose says: When is this so? When they are not tied together, but when they are tied together, all the pots are clean. Albeck explains that Rabbi Yose thinks that the concern is that the am haaretz picked up one of the pots to inspect it. If the pots are tied together, then he could not have done so and they remain pure.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Tahorot
אבל באגודות (but when they are tied up) – that it is impossible to shake them, everything is ritually pure. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yossi.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Tahorot
One who gave over his key to an "am haaretz" the house remains clean, since he only gave him the guarding of the key. A person who preserves the purity of the objects in his house who has given over his key for guarding to a person who does not observe the laws of purity need not worry that the am haaretz went into his house and defiled the things there. Just as is the case today, when one gives his key to his neighbor the understanding is that he is only giving him the key. He does not expect him to enter the house.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Tahorot
שלא מסר לו אלא שמירת המפתח – for he did not rely upon him to enter, because he would be arrested/made responsible as a thief.
