Comentário sobre Sotá 9:14
בַּפֻּלְמוֹס שֶׁל אַסְפַּסְיָנוּס גָּזְרוּ עַל עַטְרוֹת חֲתָנִים, וְעַל הָאֵרוּס. בַּפֻּלְמוֹס שֶׁל טִיטוּס גָּזְרוּ עַל עַטְרוֹת כַּלּוֹת, וְשֶׁלֹא יְלַמֵּד אָדָם אֶת בְּנוֹ יְוָנִית. בַּפֻּלְמוֹס הָאַחֲרוֹן גָּזְרוּ שֶׁלֹּא תֵצֵא הַכַּלָּה בָּאַפִּרְיוֹן בְּתוֹךְ הָעִיר, וְרַבּוֹתֵינוּ הִתִּירוּ שֶׁתֵּצֵא הַכַּלָּה בָּאַפִּרְיוֹן בְּתוֹךְ הָעִיר:
Durante a guerra com Vespasiano, decretaram contra as coroas usadas pelos noivos e contra o sino. Durante a guerra com Quietus, eles decretaram contra as coroas usadas pelas noivas e que ninguém deveria ensinar grego ao filho. Durante a guerra final, eles decretaram que uma noiva não deveria sair em um palanquim dentro da cidade, mas nossos rabinos decretaram que uma noiva poderia sair em um palanquim dentro da cidade.
Bartenura on Mishnah Sotah
בפולמוס של אספסיינוס – the army that Vespasian brought against Jerusalem.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Sotah
Introduction
This mishnah discusses three wars that the Jews fought with the Romans during the Second Temple and mishnaic periods. The first was with Vespasian, three years before the destruction of the Temple. The second was with Quietus about forty years after the destruction. The war with Quietus was fought mostly by the Jews in Egypt. [Other versions of the mishnah say that the second war was with Titus, who ended up destroying the Temple.] The third was the Bar-Kochba revolt, fought from 132-135, with Hadrian. After the Jews lost this war, they no longer had any political autonomy or power and Jerusalem was razed to the ground.
During each of these wars, all of which the Jews ended up losing, the rabbis decreed that certain celebratory actions were no longer appropriate. Most of the decrees were against elements of the wedding celebration.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Sotah
גזרו על עטרות חתנים – they would make garlands for the grooms from salt stone which is clear like the appearance of a jewel and they dye it with sulfur–bitumen like the appearance of embroidery which they call NEEL. And there are those who interpret–explain it as garlands of myrtle and of roses and both are forbidden, but only garlands of reeds are permitted.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Sotah
During the war with Vespasian they [the rabbis] decreed against [the use of] crowns worn by bridegrooms and against [the use of] the bell. Before the war with Vespasian, the Jews used a crown to adorn bridegrooms during the wedding ceremony (see Isaiah 61:10). They also used a special bell to play music at the wedding feast. They decreed against both of these during what is known by historians as “The Great Revolt”.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Sotah
ועל האירוס – it is made like a winnow–sieve whose walls are round and they spread on its mouth a thin piece of leather and beat it with a thin mallet and it emits a clear sound and it the foreign language we call it TANBORO.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Sotah
During the war with Quietus they decreed against [the use of] crowns worn by brides and that nobody should teach their child Greek. During the second revolt, they decreed against the crowns worn by the brides. On these crowns was embedded the image of Jerusalem. From them we have the phrase “Jerusalem of Gold”, immortalized in Naomi Shemer’s song “Yerushalayim Shel Zahav”. They also decreed that people should not teach their children Greek, the lingua franca of the eastern parts of the Roman Empire. So great was their hatred for the Romans, that they refused even to learn their language.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Sotah
עטרות כלות – similar to a city that is made from gold.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Sotah
During the final war they decreed that a bride should not go out in a palanquin inside the city, but our rabbis decreed that a bride may go out in a palanquin inside the city. In the last war, they decreed that a bride should no longer use a palanquin, a covered seat carried on poles which is held parallel to the ground on the shoulders of two or four people (according to the Encarta Dictionary). This seat is mentioned in Song of Songs 3:9. However, in a later period “our rabbis”, identified by Maimonides as Rabbi Judah Hanasi, decreed that the bride may again use the palanquin. The Talmud explains that since the palanquin preserved the bride’s modesty, it was allowed.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Sotah
ושלא ילמד אדם את בנו יונית – the explanation is Greek wisdom and there are hints and riddles that the Greeks had and only those who were accustomed to them would know them, and in the Gemara (Talmud Sotah 49b) it explains the reason because of an incident when the Hasmonean kings fought one another (the allusion is to the struggle between the two sons of Alexander Jannaeus, Hyrcanus and Aristobulus; Hyrcanus had the assistance of the Romans who besieged Jerusalem). Those who were inside would let down to those who were outside denarii (i.e., money) in a basket and haul up for them [animals for] the daily offerings. There was one elder there who was learned in Greek wisdom, speaking with them in Greek: As long as you are engaged in the Temple service, they will never surrender to you. That same day, they let down denarii in the basket and hauled up for them a pig. At that time, they said: “Cursed be the person who raises a pig and cursed be the man who teaches his son Greek wisdom.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Sotah
בפולמוס האחרון – this is the destruction of the [Second] Temple and it was of Titus.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Sotah
באפריון – like a tent of golden robes and cloaks.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Sotah
ורבותינו התירו שתצא כלה באפריון – because of modesty and such is the Halakha.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy