Um burro sai com uma sela, [que é mantido o dia inteiro para mantê-lo aquecido], quando está (já) amarrado a ele na véspera do sábado, [pois ele sabe que o burro exige isso para aquecer, como as pessoas dizem: "Um traseiro é frio mesmo no verão" —para que não seja um fardo. Mas é proibido amarrar a sela na bunda no Shabbath. Pois é impossível amarrá-lo, exceto apoiando-se de lado, o que constitui o uso (proibido) de um animal. E se ele o transgrediu e amarrou, pode não sair com ele.] Os machos saem com levuvin [couro amarrado contra os órgãos genitais para que não montem nas fêmeas.] Ovelhas saem shechuzoth, [que mantêm suas caudas altas para que os machos podem montá-los], kevuloth, [que aperta o rabo contra as pernas para que os machos não os montem]; e kevunoth [amarravam um pano em volta de cordeiros no dia em que nasceram, para que sua lã não ficasse suja. ] As cabras saem [com o úbere] atadas, [às vezes, para secar o leite pressionando à força contra elas; às vezes, amarrado como um "bolso", para que o leite não pingue no chão e se perca.] R. Yossi o proíbe de tudo, [considerando-os como fardos], exceto com os cordeiros kevunoth, [nesse caso, mantendo sua lã é suja, é como um ornamento]. R. Yehudah diz: As cabras saem amarradas para secar (do leite), mas não para (pegar) o leite. [R. Yehudah mantém com o primeiro tanna, que não é um fardo. Para secar, não há razão para decretar que não caia e ele venha a carregá-lo, mas para (pegar) leite, onde não está amarrado, é proibido. Tememos que possa cair e que ele venha a carregá-lo. A halachá está de acordo com o primeiro tanna].
Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
מרדעת – a kind of small saddle and we place it on the donkey all day long in order that the donkey can be kept warm.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
Introduction
This mishnah is a continuation of yesterday’s mishnah.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
בזמן שהיא קשורה לו – from the Eve of the Sabbath (i.e., Friday) that he reveals his opinion that the donkey needs it to warm it up as people say that a donkey, even in the season of Tammuz (i.e., the middle of the summer) is cold for it, and it is not a burden but to tie/attach a cushion/pack-saddle on the donkey is prohibited because it is impossible to tie it on him other than if he supports it on the side of the animal and it is found that a living creature is being used and if he transgressed and tied it on, it is prohibited to go out with it.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
A donkey may go out with its saddle-cloth if it is tied to it. If the saddle is put on the donkey before Shabbat, the donkey may go out on Shabbat with it on its back and it is not considered carrying but rather “wearing” which is permitted on Shabbat.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
לבובין – with leather that is we tie them up corresponding to their male genitalia so that they will not go up on the females.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
Rams may go out with hides tied to them. Some explain that these hides were put on the rams’ chests to protect them. Others explain that they were put on their genitals, also for protection.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
שחוזות – that grasps their tails tied upwards so that the males will come upon them.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
Ewes may go out with their tails tied up, tied down, or covered. If the ewe’s tail was tied up, that is so males can mount them. If the tail was tied down it was so males could not mount them (there has to be some humor in this, but I won’t be the one to try). The tail was covered for general protection.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
כבולות – they chain up their tails and tie them with their legs in order that the males will not come upon them.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
Goats may go out [with their udders] tied up. The goats’ udders were sometimes covered up in order to dry them up and sometimes covered up in order to preserve their milk.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
כבונות – they tie a cloth around the lambs during the day to protect their wool so that it not become soiled.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
Rabbi Yose forbids in all these cases, save ewes that are covered. Rabbi Yose forbids all of the above cases except covering the ewes because all of the rest of them are for human benefit and not for the benefit of the animal. If the covering was for human benefit then the animal may not go out with that covering on Shabbat.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
צרורות – their breast nipples are tied up sometimes to dry up the milk when they squeeze them with strength and sometimes they tie a pocket on their nipples so that the milk will not drip to the ground and be lost.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
Rabbi Judah says: goats may go out [with their udders] tied in order to dry them up, but not to save their milk. Rabbi Judah is slightly more lenient than Rabbi Yose but less so than the first opinion. He adds that goats’ udders may be tied up in order to dry them up because that is for the sake of the animal. However, if the intent is to preserve their milk, that is for the sake of the goats’ owners and it is therefore considered carrying on Shabbat.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
ר' יוסי אומר בכולן – that is a burden.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
חוץ מן הכבונות - which is protection for their wool so that it will not be soiled and it is an ornament/decoration.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
יוצאות צרורורת ליבש – Rabbi Yehudah holds like the first teacher [of the Mishnah] that it is not a burden; however, to [keep them] dry which is fastened better one cannot make this decree lest it miscarry which it comes to include, but for milk where it is not fastened well, it is forbidden and we suspect lest it miscarry which it comes to include. And the Halakha is according to the first teacher [of the Mishnah].
