Com o que um animal pode sair (no sábado)? [Porque um homem é ordenado vis-à-vis o descanso de sua besta no sábado. E algo com o qual a besta é guardada não é considerado um fardo; e algo com o qual não está guardado é considerado um fardo.] Um camelo sai com rédea; um na'akah (um camelo de pescoço comprido) [A gemara declara: especificamente, um branco, que exige maior proteção], com um chatam [Eles pegam um anel de ferro, perfuram o nariz do camelo e o inserem.]; um burro líbio [que é especialmente resistente e forte e requer maior proteção do que outros burros domésticos], com rédeas de ferro; um cavalo, com um sher [uma espécie de faixa em volta do pescoço, com um anel, através do qual uma corda é inserida e pela qual o animal é puxado.] E todos os animais sher [como cães de caça e pequenos animais] saem com o sher [em volta do pescoço, com a corda presa no sher], e são puxados pelo sher [isto é, se ele desejar, ele puxa a besta pela corda no sher], e eles são aspergidos (no lugar) [como estão, no pescoço do animal, se tiverem ocorrido impureza de cadáver], e estão imersos no local. [O animal é colocado na água para imergir o sher. E mesmo que se decida que todos os artigos exclusivos de uma besta não adquirem impureza, o sher e similares adquirem impureza e requerem imersão. Como são feitos para o homem guiar o animal, são considerados como um artigo feito para uso do homem.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
במה בהמה יוצאה – since a person is commanded regarding the resting of his animal on the Sabbath and anything that guards through it the animal is not like a burden and anything that does not guard it is like a burden.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
Introduction
Exodus 23:12 reads, “Six days you shall do your work and on the seventh day you shall cease, in order that your ox and donkey will rest.” From here we see that on Shabbat a Jew may not have his animals do work on her behalf. Just as it is forbidden for a person to carry things in the public domain, so too it is forbidden for a Jew’s animal to carry things for the Jew. Our chapter deals with things that an animal may carry or wear. Anything needed to guard the animal is permitted, as is anything needed for the animal’s own protection from heat or cold. However, anything which is not really necessary for the animal itself (such as loading up a donkey with one’s personal belongings) may not be placed on an animal on Shabbat.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
אפסר – a rope which ties the mouth of the animal.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
With what may an animal go out [on Shabbat], and with what may it not go out? A camel may go out with a bit, a female camel with its nose-ring, a Libyan donkey with an iron bridle, a horse with its chain, and all chain-wearing animals may go out with their chains and be led by their chains. All of the things in this section are normally worn by animals and they are used to lead the animals around. Therefore, the animal may wear them on Shabbat. In a sense they are to the animal like clothes are to human beings. By carrying them the animal is not performing a labor for someone else. Rather they are part of the animal’s normal gear.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
והנאקה – In the Gemara (Tractate Shabbat 51b), it establishes it specifically as a white camel which requires greater guarding/watching.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
And they may sprinkle upon them [with purifying waters], and they may be immersed in their place. This section is an aside about the chains mentioned in the previous section. If these chains become impure they can be made pure without removing them from the animal. If they become impure with corpse impurity, they can sprinkle purifying waters on the chains while they are in their place. If they contract a lesser impurity, the chains may be immersed while still on the animal.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
בחטם – they take a kind of iron ring and pierce the nose of the camel and place it inside it.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
ולובדקס – a donkey that comes from Libya and they are hard and strong and need greater watching/guarding than other donkeys found in the settlement.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
בפרומביא – an iron bridle.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
בשיר – a kind of clasp/brooch around its neck and a ring is fixed within it and they bring in a rope through the ring and pull the animal.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
וכל בעלי השיר - such as hunting dogs and small animals.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
יוצאים בשיר – tied on their necks with a rope set in the clasp.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
ונמשכין בשיר – and if he wants he pulls the animal with the rope in the clasp/brooch.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
ומזין עליהן – in their places as they are in the neck of the animal if it became ritually defiled through [contact with] a dead corpse.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
וטובלין במקומן – they have the animal enter the water to ritually immerse the brooch/clasp and even though we hold that all utensils unique to the animal do not receive ritual defilement. The brooch/clasp and other things like it receive ritual defilement and require ritual immersion since they are made for humans to lead with it an animal as it is like a utensil made for usage by a human being.
