Comentário sobre Orlá 1:8
עַנְקוֹקְלוֹת, וְהַחַרְצַנִּים, וְהַזַּגִּים, וְהַתֶּמֶד שֶׁלָּהֶם, קְלִפֵּי רִמּוֹן וְהַנֵּץ שֶׁלּוֹ, קְלִפֵּי אֱגוֹזִים, וְהַגַּרְעִינִים, אֲסוּרִים בָּעָרְלָה, וּבָאֲשֵׁרָה, וּבַנָּזִיר, וּמֻתָּרִין בָּרְבָעִי. וְהַנּוֹבְלוֹת, כֻּלָּן אֲסוּרוֹת:
Uvas, caroços de uva, cascas de uva e vinho defeituosos, feitos com água, a casca externa da romã e seu broto [no topo], cascas de nozes e caroços de frutas são proibidos em Orlah , Aserá , e a um nazirita, enquanto eles são permitidos em relação a Revai . Os frutos que caíram antes de amadurecer são proibidos em relação a todas as leis mencionadas.
Bartenura on Mishnah Orlah
ענקוקלות – it is a the language of an abbreviation/Notarikon – grapes that were smitten before they had grown to one-third of the normal size, meaning to say that they were smitten before they brought forth a third of their growth.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Orlah
Introduction
Our mishnah continues to deal with what parts of the grape or fruit are subject to the laws of orlah, the asherah (idol-tree), the nazirite prohibitions and fourth-year vineyards.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Orlah
חרצנים – seeds withing the grapes.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Orlah
Defective grapes, grape kernels, grape husks, and the temed drink made from them, the peel of a pomegranate and its sprout, nutshells, and fruit-seeds, are all subject to the laws of orlah, asherah and a nazirite, but permitted in respect of a fourth year vineyard. All of the parts of grapes, fruits and nuts are subject to the laws of orlah, so that one could not use them during the first three years of growth. They are also prohibited if they grow from an asherah tree, for as we learned in yesterday’s mishnah, all parts of the asherah tree are prohibited. Finally, they are prohibited to a nazirite because Numbers 6:3-4 states, “no vinegar of (new) wine or vinegar of old wine, nor shall he drink any liquor of grapes…from the kernels even to the husk she shall not eat.” However, the rules of the fourth year vineyard, which must be taken to Jerusalem and eaten there, do not apply to these parts of the grape or fruit, because the laws of maaser sheni and the fourth year vineyard (which are always the same) apply only to the parts of the plant that are normally eaten.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Orlah
והזגים – the shells that are on the outside.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Orlah
Fallen unripe fruit is subject to all of them. Fallen unripe fruit is subject to all of these prohibitions because it is food, even though it is not yet ready to be eaten.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Orlah
תמד – that he placed water on the sediment or on the shells of grapes or on the husks or kernels of grapes and they have the taste of wine.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Orlah
והנץ שלהם – the flower that is on the protuberance on the blossom-end of the fruit.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Orlah
והגרעינין – the seed of each fruit, such as the seeds found within the dates and the olives and the peaches and similar things.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Orlah
אסורים בערלה – as it is written (Leviticus 19:23): “[you shall regard] its fruit [as forbidden],” what is secondary to its fruit..
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Bartenura on Mishnah Orlah
ומותרים ברבעי – fourth year’s fruit of young trees is not prohibited from deriving benefit from it but is eaten by its owners in Jerusalem like Second Tithe, and is not sanctified in the sanctity of Second Tithe, but rather it is a thing that appropriate for eating.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Orlah
נובלות – fruit that falls from the tree prior to the completion of its ripening.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Orlah
כולן אסורות – whether for Orlah, or for the fourth year’s fruit of young trees , whether for an Asherah or for a Nazirite.
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