Comentário sobre Nidá 2:2
נִמְצָא עַל שֶׁלּוֹ, טְמֵאִין וְחַיָּבִין קָרְבָּן. נִמְצָא עַל שֶׁלָּהּ אוֹתְיוֹם, טְמֵאִין וְחַיָּבִין קָרְבָּן. נִמְצָא עַל שֶׁלָּהּ לְאַחַר זְמַן, טְמֵאִים מִסָּפֵק וּפְטוּרִים מִן הַקָּרְבָּן:
Se [sangue] foi encontrado em seu [tecido de xadrez], eles [a mulher e o marido] são impuros e sujeitos a sacrificar. Se for encontrado nela imediatamente [após a relação sexual], eles são impuros e podem trazer um sacrifício. Se for encontrado nela depois de algum tempo, eles são impuros por uma questão de incerteza e estão isentos de trazer um sacrifício.
Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah
נמצא על שלו – even if he waited a long time after coition prior to wiping, it is known that there was blood at the time of sexual intercourse.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Niddah
Introduction
Today's mishnah deals with what happens if blood is found on one of the testing-rags after a couple have intercourse.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah
טמאין – both of them (i.e., the husband and the wife) are defiled for seven days, like the law of someone who has intercourse with a menstruant woman.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Niddah
If [blood] is found on his rag they are both unclean and they are liable to bring a sacrifice. If any blood is found on the rag which the man uses to check himself then we can be sure that it came from the woman. They are both unclean for seven days as is the rule for a menstruant and the man who has relations with her (see Leviticus 15:24). In addition, they must both bring a sin-offering, which is the rule for any unintentional transgression which when done intentionally carries with it the penalty of "karet."
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Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah
אותיום – immediately, and there is no [term] similar to this in the Mishnah.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Niddah
If any blood is found on her rag immediately after their intercourse, they are both unclean and must bring a sacrifice. If [blood] is found on her rag after a time, they are unclean due to doubt but they are exempt from a sacrifice. If blood is found on her rag and it is found immediately after intercourse, then we can be assured that it is menstrual blood that was there during intercourse. Both are impure and liable for a sacrifice. However, if it is found later on, since she didn't clean herself immediately, then we can't be sure that it was there during intercourse. Perhaps she only began to bleed later. In such a case the man is "doubtfully" impure, which means that if he touched terumah it can't be eaten but it also is not burned because we are not sure he is impure. She is impure in any case. They are exempt from bringing a sin-offering because sin-offerings are not brought unless one is certain of a transgression, and it is not certain that she was menstruating when they had intercourse.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah
טמאים מספק – both of them are impure for seven days. But however, it is a doubtful impurity [in that she doubtfully saw blood at the time of intercourse and/or didn’t see blood at the time of intercourse, but only after the sexual intercourse) leaves it in abeyance but not to burn [a sin-offering].
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Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah
ופטורים מן הקרבן – from a regular sin-offering, but they are liable for an uncertain guilt-offering [brought by one who is uncertain as to whether he committed a sin that requires a sin-offering; it was also called the guilt-offering of the pious].
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