De onde [aprendemos] que [se] quem diz: "Aceito para mim um sacrifício de ação de graças]", deve trazê-lo de dinheiro não sagrado? Como diz (Deuteronômio 16: 2) "Abaterás a oferta da Páscoa ao Senhor, teu Deus: ovelhas e gado". Mas as ofertas da Páscoa são trazidas apenas de ovelhas ou cabras, então por que diz "ovelhas ou gado"? Pelo contrário, é conectar tudo o que vem [como sacrifício] de gado ou ovelha à oferta da Páscoa: Assim como a oferta da Páscoa que vem como uma obrigação, pode vir apenas de dinheiro não sagrado, também qualquer coisa que venha como obrigação pode vir apenas de dinheiro não sagrado. Portanto, alguém que diz: "Aceito em mim mesmo [trazer] um sacrifício de ação de graças ou um shelamim [uma oferta cujas várias partes são consumidas por seus donos, os Kohanim e o fogo no altar]", uma vez que são uma obrigação, eles podem vir apenas de dinheiro não sagrado. Libações em todos os casos podem vir apenas de dinheiro não sagrado.
Bartenura on Mishnah Menachot
מה פסח שהוא בא בחובה אינו בא אלא מן החולין – that the Passover offering of Egypt did not come other than from unconsecrated [animals], for they did not yet have any Second Tithe grain for there was no tithe until they entered into the Land [of Israel], and just as the Passover offering of Egypt did not come other than from unconsecrated [animals] even the Passover offering for the generations did not come other than from unconsecrated [animals], for it states (Exodus 13:5): “You shall observe in this month the following practice,” that all the Divine service of this month would be like that of Egypt.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Menachot
Introduction
Today’s mishnah explains why one who says “I take upon myself to bring a todah” must buy the todah with hullin (non-sacred) money and cannot use maaser sheni money. This was the halakhah that we learned in yesterday’s mishnah.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Menachot
אף כל דבר שבחובה נמי כו' - therefore, the person who states, “I pledge myself [to bring] a thank offering or a peace offering” for since they come as an obligation, as it states, “I pledge myself [to bring}, he should not bring anything other than from that which is unconsecrated.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Menachot
From where [is it derived] that if one says, “I take upon myself to bring a todah,” he can bring it only from hullin? This section asks why the mishnah rules that one who vows to bring a todah must purchase it with hullin money.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Menachot
והנסכים – even if he said, “I pledge myself to bring them from [Second] Tithe, he should not bring them other than from unconsecrated [animals]. For when the All-Merciful permits to include peace-offerings from [Second] Tithe, these words of the peace-offerings themselves, are those things that are consumed, but the libations are burned entirely [on the altar] , he should not bring them from the [Second] Tithe.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Menachot
As it is said, “And you shall sacrifice the pesah to the Lord your God, from the flock or the herd” (Deuteronomy 16:. But is not the pesah sacrifice brought only from the lambs and from the goats? Why then is it written, “from the flock or the herd”? The answer is derived from a problematic verse that deals with the pesah sacrifice. The pesah sacrifice, according to Exodus, must be brought only from flock animals, meaning sheep or goats. However, Deuteronomy 16:2 states that it can come from herd animals, such as cows. This is a clear example of biblical verses which contradict each other.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Menachot
It is to compare whatever is brought from the flock and the herd with the pesah: just as the pesah is obligatory and offered only from what is hullin, so everything that is obligatory may be offered only from what is hullin. The mishnah answers that Deuteronomy states “from the flock and the herd” not because the pesah can come from the herd (it cannot) but to compare other sacrifices that come from the flock and the herd with the pesah. The comparison is that whatever sacrifice is obligatory, as is the pesah, must be brought only from hullin sources and not from maaser sheni money. We should note that this makes sense from a practical perspective. If the Torah mandates that I bring a certain sacrifice and it mandates that I bring maaser sheni money and use it to buy food in Jerusalem, combining these two obligations would be cheating the system. Rather, maaser sheni money should be used to buy voluntary sacrifices, sacrifices that I would not otherwise had to have brought.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Menachot
Therefore if a man says, “I take upon myself to bring a todah,” or “I take upon myself [to offer] a shelamim,” since [in these cases] these are obligatory they may be offered only from what is hullin. A todah is usually a voluntary sacrifice. However, in this case once he makes a vow to bring a todah, it is no longer voluntary but rather obligatory. Since he has made it into an obligatory sacrifice, he can no longer purchase the animal with maaser sheni money. In sum, a normal todah can be purchased with maaser sheni money because it is a voluntary sacrifice but a todah brought because of a vow is a mandatory sacrifice and must be purchased with hullin money.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Menachot
The libations in every case may be offered only from what is hullin. The libations that accompany a todah or a shelamim sacrifice must always be purchased with hullin money, even if he explicitly vows to bring the todah from maaser sheni. The reason is that these libations are not eaten, but rather fully sacrificed on the altar. Maaser sheni money must be used to purchase food that will be eaten by people and not sacrifices that go completely to the altar.
