(Se as testemunhas dizem :) Testificamos sobre esse homem que ele é passível de quarenta açoites, e eles foram considerados zomemin, eles recebem oitenta açoites por causa de (Êxodo 20:13): "Você não deve testemunhar contra seu próximo falso testemunho "e por causa de (Deuteronômio 19:19)" Então você fará a ele como ele planejou fazer a seu irmão. " Estas são as palavras de R. Meir. [Pois desde quando não é possível satisfazer nas testemunhas "Então você fará a ele como ele planejou" "(como quando eles testemunham que alguém é filho de um divorciado), eles recebem listras por causa de" Você não deve testemunhar "—aqui, onde há uma exortação de "Você não deve testemunhar" e também uma de "como ele planejou", ele recebe oitenta açoites. A halachá não está de acordo com R. Meir.] Os sábios dizem: Ele recebe apenas quarenta açoites. "Terceiro" em dinheiro [Testemunhas de esquema responsáveis pelo pagamento pagam o dinheiro de acordo com o número de testemunhas. Se eles tivessem três anos e se tornassem zomemin, cada um pagaria um terço da soma que desejavam impor] e não "terço" em faixas. [Cada uma das testemunhas não recebe um terço das faixas, mas cada uma recebe quarenta para satisfazer "Então você fará a ele como ele planejou." Para cada uma das testemunhas desejadas impor uma (quarenta) listras completas aos julgados. O dinheiro "acrescenta-se", de modo que, quando cada um dá um terço, recebe o que desejavam, tornando-o responsável entre todos eles; mas listras não "somam".] Como assim? Se eles testemunharam sobre ele que ele deve a seu vizinho duzentos zuz e eles foram considerados zomemin, eles "são o terceiro" entre eles. Mas se eles testemunharam contra ele que ele é passível de quarenta açoites, e foram considerados zomemin, cada um deles recebe quarenta açoites.
Bartenura on Mishnah Makkot
Because you shall not bear false witness. Since behold when it is impossible to [punish] the witnesses with "do to them as they planned", for example [they say] "We testify about a certain person [kohen] that he is the son of a divorced woman, the witnesses are lashed due to "you shall not bear false witness". Here [in this case], where there is warning against "you shall not bear false witness" and also "as they planned", they are lashed 80 [times]. The halacha is not like Rabbi Meir.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Makkot
Introduction
Mishnayoth three continues to discuss the laws of perjuring witnesses.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Makkot
They pay with money. The zommemin that are obligated in with [their attempt] to cause payment, pay the money according to the number of the witnesses. If it was three witnesses and they were made zommemin, each one pay a third of the [total] money that they wanted to cause him [the person they are testifying about] to lose.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Makkot
[If they say:] “We testify that so and so is liable to a flogging of forty lashes, and they are found to be perjurers, they receive eighty lashes, because of, “You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor” (Exodus 20:13) and “You shall do to him as he schemed to do to his fellow” (Deuternomy 19:19), these are the words of Rabbi Meir. But the sages say, “They receive only forty lashes.” This section is actually a continuation of the dispute between Rabbi Meir and the Sages begun in mishnah two. According to Rabbi Meir one can receive eighty lashes for one false testimony, forty for violating the commandment in Exodus and forty for trying to impose forty lashes upon the accused, the violation mentioned in Deuteronomy. According to the Sages, since this was only one act he can receive only one punishment, namely forty lashes, as he tried to impose upon the accused.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Makkot
Lashes are not divided. It's not that each of the witnesses are lashed a portion of the [total number of] lashes, rather each one is lashed 40 [times]. This is because we need "do to them as they planned", and each one sought to have the accused lashed a full amount. [However] money is combined [after being divided], when each of the witnesses gives their portion, behold he [the accused] receives what they sought to make him lose, however lashes are not combined.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Makkot
Monetary impositions are shared among the offenders, but the lashes are not shared among the offenders. How so? If they testified that he owed his friend one hundred zuz, and they were found to be perjurers, they divide the corresponding damages proportionately between them. But if they testified that he was liable to a flogging of forty lashes and were found to be perjurers, each one receives forty lashes. Witnesses who perjure themselves in a monetary case are punished by a fine equal to the financial loss they tried to impose upon the accused. In this type of case the witnesses may share the burden of the financial penalty. For instance if they lied with regards to two hundred zuz, each witness will compensate the accused one hundred zuz. If, however, they lied in a case involving lashes, the witnesses do not share the lashes. Rather each witness receives the number of lashes that they attempted to impose upon the accused.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Makkot
Questions for Further Thought: • Section one: What is the connection between the dispute in mishnah three and the dispute that we learned yesterday in mishnah two? • Section two: Why do you think that the witnesses may share the financial penalty but not share the lashes?
