Comentário sobre Machshirin 4:10
עֵצִים שֶׁנָּפְלוּ עֲלֵיהֶם מַשְׁקִין וְיָרְדוּ עֲלֵיהֶם גְּשָׁמִים, אִם רַבּוּ, טְהוֹרִים. הוֹצִיאָם שֶׁיֵּרְדוּ עֲלֵיהֶם גְּשָׁמִים, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁרַבּוּ, טְמֵאִים. בָּלְעוּ מַשְׁקִים טְמֵאִים, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוֹצִיאָם שֶׁיֵּרְדוּ עֲלֵיהֶם גְּשָׁמִים, טְהוֹרִין. וְלֹא יַסִּיקֵם אֶלָּא בְיָדַיִם טְהוֹרוֹת בִּלְבָד. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, אִם הָיוּ לַחִין וְהִסִּיקָן, וְרַבּוּ הַמַּשְׁקִין הַיּוֹצְאִין מֵהֶן עַל הַמַּשְׁקִין שֶׁבָּלְעוּ, טְהוֹרִים:
[Se] líquidos caíam sobre a madeira e [então] chuva sobre ela: [Se a quantidade de chuva] excedia [o outro líquido, este último] é puro. [Se] ele pegasse [a madeira] para que a chuva caísse, [o outro líquido] é impuro mesmo que [a quantidade de chuva] exceda [o outro]. Se [a madeira] absorveu líquidos impuros, [a água da chuva] é pura, mesmo que ele a tenha retirado para que a chuva caia sobre ela. E ele só pode queimar a madeira com mãos puras. O rabino Shimon diz: Se estava molhado e ele queimou e [a quantidade] de líquido que emerge excede [a quantidade] de líquido que é absorvido, é pura.
Bartenura on Mishnah Makhshirin
שנפו עליהם משקים – impure [liquids].
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English Explanation of Mishnah Makhshirin
If [unclean] liquids fell upon wood and rain came down upon it and [the rain water] exceeded [the liquids] in quantity, they are clean. Two liquids fall on this wood rain and unclean liquids. Rain does not cause susceptibility to impurity, unless one wants something to get wet. Unclean liquids do cause susceptibility. If the rain water is greater in quantity than the unclean water, the wood remains pure.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Makhshirin
אם רבו – the rain waters [were greater] than these [impure] liquids, they were nullified and purified.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Makhshirin
If he took [the wood out] so that rain would come down upon it, they are unclean even though [the rain water] exceeded in quantity. If he wanted the wood to get wet, then the rainwater does cause it to be susceptible. Since unclean water fell on the wood, the wood is now unclean. We should note that others explain that the water wasn't unclean, just that it caused susceptibility to impurity. Therefore, the wood wouldn't be actually unclean. It would only be susceptible to impurity.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Makhshirin
הוציאן כדי שירדו עליהם גשמים – that he reckoned them for rain [to fall upon them].
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English Explanation of Mishnah Makhshirin
If [the wood] had absorbed unclean liquids, even if he took the wood outside in order that rain should come down upon it, it is clean. But one may not light the wood in an oven except with clean hands. Rabbi Shimon says: if the wood was moist and then he lit it, and the liquids that came out of it exceeded in quantity the liquids which it had absorbed, they become clean. In this case, the wood absorbed the unclean liquid and this liquid can no longer be seen. The wood was therefore never susceptible to impurity. When the rain comes down upon it, it is not defiled, even if he took the wood outside so that it would get wet. However, when he puts the wood into the oven to light it he should make sure his hands are pure. If his hands are impure, his hands will defile the liquids on the wood and then the liquid on the wood could defile the oven. Rabbi Shimon says that if the wood was moist (meaning freshly cut) and then he lit it in the oven and more water came out then the quantity that it absorbed from the impure water, then the impure water that comes out is considered clean. Don't even ask me how one would practically measure such a thing, I have no idea.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Makhshirin
אע"פ שרבו טמאין – for the rain waters themselves were ritually defiled.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Makhshirin
בלעו משקים טמאים – as for example, that the wood was dry from the outside, but within, the liquids were absorbed, even though that he took them outside in order that the rain would fall upon them, for he reckoned them for rain, and even so, they are ritually pure, for they did not come in contact with impure liquids, for they absorbed them.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Makhshirin
לא יסיקם אלא בידים טהורות (he should kindle them only with clean hands)- so that the hands do not ritually defile the rain waters that were considered and they would return and defile the oven, for a liquid defiles a vessel. But with ritually pure hands, he is able to kindle them in the oven, and the oven is ritually pure, but we don’t say that ultimately the impure liquid that is absorbed will come out on account of the kindling, for the fire controls the wood and when the flame seizes them (i.e., the wood), the liquids cease inside them, and they don’t go out when they kindle them in the oven.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Makhshirin
אם היו לחין (if they were wet/freshly cut) – these pieces of wood that had absorbed impure liquids and on account of their wetness/moisture, the liquids themselves came out from them, but if those liquids expunged the impure liquid that was absorbed and the liquids (i.e., the sap) were greater on their own than the absorbed [impure] liquid, [they are pure, according to Rabbi Shimon].
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Bartenura on Mishnah Makhshirin
טהורין – that they nullified them. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Shimon.
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