Comentário sobre Kelim 7:1
הַקַּלָתוּת שֶׁל בַּעֲלֵי בָתִים שֶׁנִּפְחֲתָה פָחוֹת מִשְּׁלֹשָׁה טְפָחִים, טְמֵאָה, שֶׁהוּא מַסִּיק מִלְּמַטָּן וּקְדֵרָה בְשֵׁלָה מִלְמַעְלָן. יָתֵר מִכָּאן, טְהוֹרָה. נָתַן אֶבֶן אוֹ צְרוֹר, טְהוֹרָה. מֵרְחָהּ בְּטִיט, מְקַבֶּלֶת טֻמְאָה מִכָּאן וּלְהַבָּא. זוֹ הָיְתָה תְשׁוּבַת רַבִּי יְהוּדָה בְתַנּוּר שֶׁנְּתָנוֹ עַל פִּי הַבּוֹר אוֹ עַל פִּי הַדּוּת:
O cesto de fogo de um agregado familiar que diminuiu de tamanho para menos de três tefachim é suscetível à impureza, porque quando é aquecido por baixo de uma panela acima ainda fervia. Se [diminuiu de tamanho] ainda mais, não é suscetível à impureza. Se [posteriormente] uma pedra ou cascalho foi colocada nela, ela ainda não é suscetível à impureza. Se for rebocada com argila, poderá contrair impureza a partir desse ponto. Essa foi a resposta do rabino Yehudah a respeito do forno que foi colocado sobre a boca de uma cisterna ou sobre a de uma adega.
Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
הקלתות של בעלי בתים (the fire-place under a portable stove of householders) – a stand that is made for a portable stove with caves for two pots and the place of its sitting, which is called a קלת/fire-place.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
The fire-basket of a householder which was lessened by less than three handbreadths is susceptible to impurity because when it is heated from below a pot above would still boil. If [it was lessened] to a lower depth it is not susceptible to impurity. The fire-basket referred to in our mishnah is a portable earthenware stove. The bottom was thick so that it could be placed on any surface. Coals would be placed inside and the pot would be placed on top. If the fire-basket was reduced, meaning the bottom was further from the top, but the reduction is less than three hand-breadths, it is still susceptible to impurity because it is still usable. However, if it was lessened more than three handbreadths, it is pure because the fire-basket is not usable.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
שנפחתה (that was diminished) – its bottom. And the depth of the cavity was less than three handbreadths, the portable stove with caves for two pots/כירה receives defilement, for if he would heat with less from the bottom, the pot that is on the portable stove with caves for two pots would boil from above.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
If subsequently a stone or gravel was put into it, it is still not susceptible to impurity. Putting stone or pebbles into the stove to fill in the gap does not restore the fire-basket to its original state and therefore it remains impure.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
יתר מכאן – if the cavity was deeper than three handbreadths.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
If it was plastered over with clay, it may contract impurity from that point and onwards. However, if he put in stones or pebbles and then plastered them over with clay, they again become susceptible to impurity.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
טהורה – for the fire is further from the pot that is on the portable stove with caves for two pots and does not boil.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
This was Rabbi Judah's reply in connection with the oven that was placed over the mouth of a cistern or over that of a cellar. This section refers to mishnah 5:6, where Rabbi Judah and the sages had a dispute concerning an oven placed over the mouth of a cistern or a cellar. According to Rabbi Judah the oven was not susceptible to impurity unless the fire in the pit could heat it sufficiently. According to our mishnah, he referred to the fire-basket to prove his point. The fire-basket is not impure unless the coals in the bottom are close enough to the top to heat up the pot.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
נתן אבן או צרור – on the place of the cavity in order that the depth of the cavity would not be three handbreadths, it is pure, because it is not considered from the bottom of the portable stove with caves for two pots.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
מרחה (if he plastered it) – to this stone with clay/plaster.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
מקבלת טומאה – the portable stove with caves for two pots [is susceptible to receive defilement] from now on. For this stone is considered as from the bottom of the portable stove with caves for two pots, hence the depth of the cavity is not three handbreadths.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
וזו היא תשובת רבי יהודה – when Rabbi Yehuda and the Sages disputed above in the Chapter “The Oven” (Chapter 5, Mishnah 6) that its beginning is four handbreadths.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
בתנור שנתנו על פי הבור ועל פי הדות – from here, Rabbi Yehuda brought proof for his words. For just as that we require here that he heats from below and the pot cooks from above, so also we require it there (see Tractate Kelim, Chapter 5, Mishnah 6).
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