Comentário sobre Kelim 5:3
עֲטֶרֶת כִּירָה, טְהוֹרָה. טִירַת הַתַּנּוּר, בִּזְמַן שֶׁהִיא גְבוֹהָה אַרְבָּעָה טְפָחִים, מִטַּמְּאָה בְמַגָּע וּבַאֲוִיר. פְּחוּתָה מִכָּאן, טְהוֹרָה. אִם חִבְּרָהּ לוֹ, אֲפִלּוּ עַל שָׁלֹשׁ אֲבָנִים טְמֵאָה. בֵּית הַפַּךְ וּבֵית הַתְּבָלִין וּבֵית הַנֵּר שֶׁבַּכִּירָה, מִטַּמְּאִין בְּמַגָּע וְאֵינָן מִטַּמְּאִין בַּאֲוִיר, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל מְטַהֵר:
A borda de um fogão é pura. A alvenaria ao redor de um forno, quando tem [pelo menos] quatro tefachim de altura, torna-se impura através do toque de [um objeto impuro] ou através de [o objeto] em seu ar [espaço]. Menos que isso, é puro. Se estiver ligado [ao forno], mesmo que em três pedras, é impuro. O suporte para um jarro de óleo, o suporte para uma caixa de especiarias ou o suporte de uma luz em um fogão tornam-se impuros através do contato [de um objeto impuro] [com o fogão], mas não são impuros pelo seu ar [espaço]. Estas são as palavras do rabino Meir. O rabino Yishmael diz que são puros.
Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
עטרת כירה – round building made on the top of the portable stove on feet with caves for two pots/כירה in order to preserve its heat.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
The crown of a double stove is clean. The crown is like a lid for the stove. It was placed on top of the hole to keep the heat in. Since it is unattached, it is unaffected by the impurity of the stove.
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טהורה – but if the portable stone on feet with caves for two pots became impure, the crown did not become impure, for the crown is not considered as attached to the portable stove with caves for two pots.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
The fender around an oven: if it is four handbreadths high it contracts impurity by contact and through its air-space, but if it was lower it is clean. The fender around the oven is not attached to the oven. Some commentators explain that the purpose of this structure was to hold bread after it had been removed from the oven. If this fender is four handbreadths high, which is the minimum height of the oven, it is susceptible to the impurity of the oven. Thus an oven which is rendered impure by a defiling agent which comes into contact with it or enters its air-space will cause the fender to be impure. However, if it is lower than the oven than it is not susceptible to impurity.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
טירת התנור (the surrounding of an oven/brick-work/fender) – the courtyard of the oven, it is the language of (Genesis 25:16): “[These are the sons of Ishmael and these are their names] by their villages and their encampments: [twelve chieftains of as many tribes].” It is ap lace in front of the oven that is surrounded by partitions where they place in it the bread when they detach/ shovel out bread from [where it sticks to] the oven.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
If it was joined to it, even if only by three stones, it is unclean. In all cases if the fender was joined to the oven, then it is susceptible to the oven's impurity because it is part of the oven.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
בזמן שהוא גבוהה ארבעה – as the measure of the height of the oven (which is four handbreadths) at its outset.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
The place [on the stove] for the oil cruse, the spice-pot, and the lamp contract impurity by contact but not through their air-space, the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Ishmael rules that they are clean. On the stove's outer walls were compartments to hold the oil cruse, the spice-pot and the lamp. However, they are only susceptible to impurity if the oven came into actual contact with a defiling agent. If an impurity came into the oven's air-space, while the oven is impure the compartments remain pure. This is the opinion of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Ishmael holds that the compartments are independent of the stove and therefore unaffected by the stove's impurity.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
אפילו על שלש אבנים – that its attachment/connection was not done well but rather, it is lying only on three stones and is glued the oven, it is considered an attachment.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
בית הפך (socket/cruse) – a place that is made on the sides of the portable stove on feet with caves for two pots that they place upon it a cruse of oil to make tepid/cool.
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בית תבלין – a place where they place in it the spices.
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בית הנר – a place where they place in it the lamp.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
מיטמאין במגע – if an unclean reptile came in contact within the portable stove on feet with caves for two pots, these places became unclean through the defilement of the portable stove on feet with caves for two pots. And similarly, if one of these places became defiled through contact with the unclean reptile, the portable stove on feet with caves for two pots became impure with them, for they are considered like the portable stove on feet with caves for two pots and they are one thing regarding the matter of defilement through physical contact.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
ואין מיטמאין באויר – if an unclean reptile was suspended in the airspace of the portable stove on feet with caves for two pots but did not come in contact with it, even though it is defiled, for an earthenware vessel becomes defiled through airspace, they are [ritually] pure, for they are not attached to it other than through the matter of physical contact. Because from the Torah, they are not attached to it, but the Rabbis decreed upon them defilement, as the Rabbis made an indication/sign not to defile it by airspace, in order that they not burn upon them heave-offering and Holy Things.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
ור' שמעון מטהר – [Rabb Shimon declares it pure] even through physical contact. Every place where defilement did not come in contact with it for each and every vessel is separate/independent. And the Halakha is according to Rabbi Meir.
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